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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research >SO2 degassing at Tungurahua volcano (Ecuador) between 2007 and 2013: Transition from continuous to episodic activity
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SO2 degassing at Tungurahua volcano (Ecuador) between 2007 and 2013: Transition from continuous to episodic activity

机译：通古拉瓦火山（厄瓜多尔）在2007年至2013年间对SO2进行脱气：从连续活动向间歇活动过渡

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We present continuous SO2 measurements performed at Tungurahua volcano with a permanent network of 4 scanning DOAS instruments between 2007 and 2013. The volcano has been erupting since September 1999, but on the contrary to the first years of eruption when the activity was quasi-continuous, the activity transitioned in late 2008 towards the occurrence of distinct eruptive phases separated by periods of quiescence. During our study period we distinguish 11 phases lasting from 17 to 527 days separated by quiescence periods of 26 to 184 days. We propose a new routine to quantify the SO2 emissions when data from a dense DOAS monitoring network are available. This routine consists in summing all the highest validated SO2 measurements among all stations during the 10 h of daily working-time to obtain a daily observed SO2 mass. Since measurement time is constant at Tungurahua the "observed" amounts can be expressed in tons per 10 h and can easily be converted to a daily average flux or mass per day. Our results provide time series having an improved correlation on a long time scale with the eruptive phases and with quiescence periods. A total of 1.25 Mt (1.25 x 10(9) kg) of SO2 has been released by Tungurahua during the study period, with 95% of these emissions occurring during phases of activity and only 5% during quiescence. This shows a contrast with previous volcanic behaviour when passive degassing dominated the total SO2 emissions. SO2 average daily mass emission rates are of 73 +/- 56 t/d during quiescent periods, 735 +/- 969 t/d during long-lasting phases and 1424 +/- 1224 t/d during short-lasting phases. Degassing during the different eruptive phases displays variable patterns. However, two contrasting behaviours can be distinguished for the onset of eruptive phases with both sudden and progressive onsets being observed. The first is characterised by violent opening of the conduit by high energy Vulcanian explosions; and the second by a progressive, in crescendo, development of the activity. The first case is becoming more frequent at Tungurahua making the volcano more dangerous and less predictable. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：我们展示了通古拉瓦火山在2007年至2013年之间使用4个扫描DOAS仪器组成的永久网络对SO2进行的连续测量。该火山自1999年9月以来一直爆发，但与火山爆发的第一年相反，当时火山活动是准连续的，活动在2008年底过渡到出现由静止期分隔的明显爆发期。在我们的研究期间，我们区分了11个阶段，持续17至527天，静止期为26至184天。当来自密集的DOAS监控网络的数据可用时，我们提出了一种新的例程来量化SO2排放。该例程包括在每天工作时间的10小时内，汇总所有站点中所有经过验证的最高SO2量，以获得每日观测到的SO2量。由于通古拉瓦（Tungurahua）的测量时间是恒定的，因此“观察到”的量可以以吨/ 10 h表示，并且可以轻松转换为每日平均流量或每天的质量。我们的结果提供了一个时间序列，该序列在较长的时间尺度上与喷发期和静止期具有改善的相关性。在研究期间，通古拉瓦（Tungurahua）总共释放了1.25 Mt（1.25 x 10（9）kg）的SO2，其中95％的排放发生在活动阶段，而静止状态仅释放了5％。当被动脱气主导了SO2的总排放量时，这与以前的火山行为形成了对比。静态期间，SO2的日平均质量排放速率为73 +/- 56 t / d，长效阶段为735 +/- 969 t / d，短效阶段为1424 +/- 1224 t / d。在不同的喷发阶段脱气显示出可变的模式。然而，对于爆发期的发作可以区分两种相反的行为，观察到突然发作和进行性发作。第一个特征是高能伏尔加尼亚爆炸猛烈打开管道；第二步是逐步进行该活动。通古拉瓦（Tungurahua）的第一个案件变得越来越频繁，这使得火山更加危险且难以预测。 （C）2015 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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