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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research >Multi-scale observations of the variability of magmatic CO_2 emissions,Mammoth Mountain, CA, USA
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Multi-scale observations of the variability of magmatic CO_2 emissions,Mammoth Mountain, CA, USA

机译：美国加州猛mm山的岩浆CO_2排放变化的多尺度观测

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One of the primary indicators of volcanic unrest at Mammoth Mountain is diffuse emission of magmatic CO_2, which can effectively track this unrest if its variability in space and time and relationship to near-surface meteorological and hydrologic phenomena versus those occurring at depth beneath the mountain are understood. In June-October 2013, we conducted accumulation chamber soil CO_2 flux surveys and made half-hourly CO_2 flux measurements with automated eddy covariance and accumulation chamber (auto-chamber) instrumentation at the largest area of diffuse CO_2 degassing on Mammoth Mountain (Horseshoe Lake tree kill; HLTK). Estimated CO_2 emission rates for HLTK based on 20 June, 30 July, and 24-25 October soil CO_2 flux surveys were 165,172, and 231 t d~(-1) respectively. The average (June-October) CO_2 emission rate estimated for this area was 123 t d~(-1) based on an inversion of 4527 eddy covariance CO_2 flux measurements and corresponding modeled source weight functions. Average daily eddy covariance and auto-chamber CO_2 fluxes consistently declined over the four-month observation time. Wavelet analysis of auto-chamber CO_2 flux and environmental parameter time series was used to evaluate the periodicity of, and local correlation between these variables in time-frequency space. Overall, CO_2 emissions at HLTK were highly dynamic, displaying short-term (hourly to weekly) temporal variability related to meteorological and hydrologic changes, as well as long-term (monthly to multi-year) variations related to migration of CO_2-rich magmatic fluids beneath the volcano. Accumulation chamber soil CO_2 flux surveys were also conducted in the four additional areas of diffuse CO_2 degassing on Mammoth Mountain in July-August 2013. Summing CO_2 emission rates for all five areas yielded a total for the mountain of 311 t d~(-1) which may suggest that emissions returned to 1998-2009 levels, following an increase from 2009 to 2011.
机译：猛mm山火山动荡的主要指标之一是岩浆CO_2的散发，如果其时空变化以及与近地表气象和水文现象的关系与山深处发生的变化有关，则可以有效地追踪这种动荡。了解。 2013年6月至10月，我们在猛mm山（Horseshoe Lake）树上最大的扩散CO_2脱气区域进行了蓄积室土壤CO_2通量调查，并使用自动涡动协方差和蓄积室（auto-chamber）仪器进行了半小时的CO_2通量测量。杀死； HLTK）。根据6月20日，7月30日和10月24日至10月的土壤CO_2通量调查，HLTK的估计CO_2排放率分别为165,172和231 t d〜（-1）。基于对4527个涡度协方差CO_2通量测量值和相应的模型源权重函数的反演，该区域的平均（6-10月）CO_2排放速率估计为123 t d〜（-1）。在四个月的观察时间内，平均每日涡度协方差和自动室CO_2通量持续下降。利用自动室CO_2通量和环境参数时间序列的小波分析来评估这些变量在时频空间中的周期性和局部相关性。总体而言，高空作业基地的CO_2排放是高度动态的，显示出与气象和水文变化有关的短期（每小时至每周）时间变化，以及与富含CO_2的岩浆迁移有关的长期（每月至多年）变化。火山下面的液体。还于2013年7月至8月在猛Mountain象山的另外四个扩散CO_2脱气区域进行了累积室土壤CO_2通量调查。所有五个区域的CO_2排放总和得出该山的总量为311 td〜（-1），可能表明排放量从2009年增加到2011年后恢复到1998-2009年的水平。

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