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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research >Volcanic spreading forcing and feedback in geothermal reservoir development, Amiata Volcano, Italia
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Volcanic spreading forcing and feedback in geothermal reservoir development, Amiata Volcano, Italia

机译：意大利Amiata火山地热储层开发中的火山扩散强迫和反馈

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We made a stratigraphic, structural and morphologic study of the Amiata Volcano in Italy. We find that the edifice is dissected by intersecting grabens that accommodate the collapse of the higher sectors of the volcano. In turn, a number of compressive structures and diapirs exist around the margin of the volcano. These structures create an angular drainage pattern, with stream damming and captures, and a set of lakes within and around the volcano. We interpret these structures as the result of volcanic spreading of Amiata on its weak substratum, formed by the late Triassic evaporites (Burano Anhydrites) and the Middle-Jurassic to Early-Cretaceous clayey chaotic complexes (Ligurian Complex). Regional doming created a slope in the basement facilitating the outward flow and spreading of the ductile layers forced by the volcanic load. We model the dynamics of spreading with a scaled lubrication approximation of the Navier Stokes equations, and numerically study a set of solutions. In the model we include simple functions for volcanic deposition and surface erosion that change the topography over time. Scaling indicates that spreading at Amiata could still be active. The numerical solution shows that, as the central part of the edifice sinks into the weak basement, diapiric structures of the underlying formations form around the base of the volcano. Deposition of volcanic rocks within the volcano and surface erosion away from it both enhance spreading. In addition, a sloping basement may constitute a trigger for spreading and formation of trains of adjacent diapirs. As a feedback, the hot hydrothermal fluids decrease the shear strength of the anhydrites facilitating the spreading process. Finally, we observe that volcanic spreading has created ideal heat traps that constitute todays' exploited geothermal fields at Amiata. Normal faults generated by volcanic spreading, volcanic conduits, and direct contact between volcanic rocks (which host an extensive fresh-water aquifer) and the rocks of the geothermal field, constitute ideal pathways for water recharge during vapour extraction for geothermal energy production. We think that volcanic spreading could maintain faults in a critically stressed state, facilitating the occurrence of induced and triggered seismicity.
机译：我们对意大利的Amiata火山进行了地层，结构和形态研究。我们发现，建筑物是通过相交的grab子来剖析的，这些grab子可以容纳火山高处的坍塌。反过来，在火山边缘周围存在许多压缩结构和底盘。这些结构形成了倾斜的排水模式，溪流被堰塞和捕获，并在火山内部和周围形成了一组湖泊。我们将这些结构解释为Amiata火山在其弱基质上的火山扩散的结果，该火山由三叠纪晚期的蒸发岩（Burano硬石膏）和中侏罗纪至早白垩纪的黏土混沌复合体（Ligurian复合体）形成。区域性隆起在地下室中形成了一个斜坡，有利于火山载荷迫使韧性层向外流动和扩散。我们使用Navier Stokes方程的按比例缩放的润滑近似模型来模拟扩散动力学，并通过数值方法研究一组解决方案。在模型中，我们包括用于火山沉积和表面侵蚀的简单函数，这些函数会随时间改变地形。缩放表明，在Amiata的传播可能仍然活跃。数值解表明，随着建筑物的中心部分沉入薄弱的地下室，在火山底部周围形成了下层地层的双api结构。火山内火山岩的沉积和远离其的表面侵蚀都促进了扩散。另外，倾斜的地下室可以构成用于展开和形成相邻堤坝的列车的触发器。作为反馈，热的热液降低了硬石膏的剪切强度，从而促进了铺展过程。最后，我们观察到火山扩散已经形成了理想的热阱，构成了当今在Amiata开发的地热田。火山散布，火山导管以及火山岩（拥有大量淡水含水层）与地热田间岩石之间的直接接触所产生的正断层，是在抽汽提取地热能过程中补给水的理想途径。我们认为火山喷发可以使断层保持在临界应力状态，从而促进诱发和触发地震活动的发生。

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