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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research >Eruptive history of Chimborazo volcano (Ecuador): A large, ice-capped and hazardous compound volcano in the Northern Andes
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Eruptive history of Chimborazo volcano (Ecuador): A large, ice-capped and hazardous compound volcano in the Northern Andes

机译：钦博拉索火山（厄瓜多尔）的爆发历史：安第斯山脉北部的一座大型，冰封且危险的复合火山

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摘要

New fieldwork, radiometric and whole-rock chemical data permit the reconstruction of the main eruptive stages of the Chimborazo compound volcano, the highest summit of the Northern Andes. Chimborazo is composed of three successive edifices. The Basal Edifice (CH-Ⅰ) was active from -120 to 60 ka and resulted in a large, mostly effusive edifice which was built up during two stages of cone-building, terminating with the formation of a dome complex. This edifice was affected by a huge sector collapse around 65-60 ka which produced a major debris avalanche that spread out into the Riobamba basin, covering about 280 km~2 with an average thickness of 40 m and a total volume of ～10-12 km~3. After the emplacement of the Riobamba debris avalanche, eruptive activity resumed at the eastern outlet of the avalanche scar and was responsible for the construction of a less voluminous, Intermediary Edifice (CH-Ⅱ), whose current remnants are the Politecnica and Martinez peaks. This edifice developed from 60 to 35 ka. Lastly, eruptive activity shifted to the west, leading to the construction of the morphologically well-preserved Young Cone (CH-Ⅲ) which currently forms the highest summit (Whymper). The average eruptive rate of Chimborazo volcano is 0.5-0.7 km~3/ka. However, looking at the three successive edifices individually, we estimate that there has been a progressive decrease in magma output rate from the Basal Edifice (0.7-1.0 km~3/ka), through the Intermediary Edifice (0.4-0.7 km~3/ka) to the Young Cone (-0.1 km~3/ka). However, during the main cone-building stages, the peak eruption rates are markedly higher, indicating significant variations in the magma output rate during the lifespan of this arc volcano. During the Holocene, the Chimborazo eruptive activity consisted of small-volume explosive events that occurred at quite regular intervals, between about 8000 and 1000 yr ago. Since the last eruption occurred between the early part of the 5th century and the end of the 7th century, and the average time interval between the events is about 1000 yr, Chimborazo must be considered as a potentially active volcano. The presence of a thick ice cap covering the summit, its steep flanks and its position above the populated lowland area of Riobamba and Ambato, are factors that result in a high potential risk.
机译：新的野外工作，辐射测量和全岩化学数据允许重建钦博拉索复合火山（北安第斯山脉的最高峰）的主要喷发阶段。 Chimborazo由三个相继的建筑物组成。基底大厦（CH-Ⅰ）在-120至60 ka范围内活跃，并形成了一个大型的，主要是喷吐性的大厦，该大厦是在锥体建造的两个阶段中建立的，并终止了穹顶复合体的形成。该建筑物受到65-60 ka左右的巨大扇形坍塌的影响，产生了主要的碎屑雪崩，这些雪崩扩散到Riobamba盆地，覆盖约280 km〜2，平均厚度为40 m，总体积约为10-12公里〜3。安置Riobamba碎片雪崩后，在雪崩疤痕的东部出口恢复了喷发活动，并导致了体积较小的中间建筑物（CH-Ⅱ）的建造，其目前的残余物是Politecnica和Martinez峰。该建筑物从60 ka增至35 ka。最后，喷发活动向西转移，导致形态保存完好的杨锥（CH-Ⅲ）的建造，该树目前是最高峰（Whymper）。 Chimborazo火山的平均喷发速率为0.5-0.7 km〜3 / ka。然而，单独看三个连续的建筑物，我们估计从基础建筑物（0.7-1.0 km〜3 / ka）到中间建筑物（0.4-0.7 km〜3 / ka）的岩浆产出率逐渐降低。 ka）到幼锥（-0.1 km〜3 / ka）。但是，在主要的造锥阶段，峰值喷发率明显更高，这表明在该弧形火山的生命周期内，岩浆输出速率存在显着变化。在全新世期间，Chimborazo的爆发活动由大约在8000至1000年之间定期发生的小规模爆炸事件组成。由于最后一次喷发发生在5世纪初期至7世纪末，且两次事件之间的平均时间间隔约为1000年，因此必须将Chimborazo视为潜在活跃的火山。覆盖山顶的陡峭冰盖，陡峭的侧翼以及在Riobamba和Ambato人口稠密的低地之上的位置，是导致潜在风险较高的因素。

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  • 来源
    《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》 |2012年第1期|p.33-51|共19页
  • 作者

    Pablo Samaniego; Diego Barba; Claude Robin; Michel Fornari; Benjamin Bernard;

  • 作者单位

    Clermont University University Blaise Pascal, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France,CNRS, UMR 6524, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, 5 rue Kessler, 63038 Clermont-Ferrand cedex, France,IRD, R 163, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, 5 rue Kessler, 63038 Clermont-Ferrand cedex, France,Instituto Geofisico, Escuela Politecnica National, Ap. 17-01-2759, Quito, Ecuador;

    Instituto Geofisico, Escuela Politecnica National, Ap. 17-01-2759, Quito, Ecuador;

    Clermont University University Blaise Pascal, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France,CNRS, UMR 6524, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, 5 rue Kessler, 63038 Clermont-Ferrand cedex, France,IRD, R 163, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, 5 rue Kessler, 63038 Clermont-Ferrand cedex, France,Instituto Geofisico, Escuela Politecnica National, Ap. 17-01-2759, Quito, Ecuador;

    RD, UMR Geostiences Azur, University Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Pare Valrose, 06108 Nice, France;

    IRD, R 163, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, 5 rue Kessler, 63038 Clermont-Ferrand cedex, France,Instituto Geofisico, Escuela Politecnica National, Ap. 17-01-2759, Quito, Ecuador,Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles y via Interocednica, Quito, Ecuador;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    chimborazo; andean volcanism; late pleistocene; eruptive rates; volcanic hazards; ~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar geochronology;

    机译：钦博拉佐安第斯火山晚更新世;爆发率火山危害〜（40）Ar-〜（39）Ar年代学;

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