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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research >A physico-chemical assessment of the health hazard of Mt. Vesuvius volcanic ash
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A physico-chemical assessment of the health hazard of Mt. Vesuvius volcanic ash

机译：理化评估山对健康的危害。维苏威火山灰

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摘要

Mt. Vesuvius, Italy, is regarded as one of the world's most dangerous volcanoes because of the potential for vast numbers of people to be affected by the renewal of volcanic activity; more than 600 000 people live within 10 km of the summit alone. Vesuvius has been quiescent since 1944 and with continued dormancy, the more likely it is that the next eruption will be explosive. At that point, wide-spread concern is likely over the potential health hazard of the ash, away from the zone of primary volcanic hazards. Analyses of the mineralogical and geo-chemical characteristics of ash provide us with critical information on the potential toxicity of the particles, for example, whether particles are sufficiently small to enter the lungs and whether the particles have reactive properties which could trigger disease. Rapid assessment of these characteristics allows real-time decision making on hazard mitigation issues (e.g. distribution of dust masks) and allows considered judgement on whether to embark on major medical/toxicological studies. The study presented here is the first time that the potential respiratory health hazard of ash from Vesuvius volcano has been considered and allows planning for future eruption scenarios. Twenty-one ash samples, representing the range of eruption styles at Vesuvius, were collected and analysed.rnThe results demonstrate that the physical processes of fragmentation play an important role in determining the grain size and, therefore, hazard, of the ash. Here, the finest samples derive from the interaction of magma and water during the final, phreatomagmatic phases of plinian and subplinian eruptions (～16 vol.% < 4 μm material), while the low-intensity explosivity activity, associated with lava effusion, produces coarse ash posing a lesser hazard. The quantity of material found in the different health-pertinent fractions is strongly correlated, allowing prediction of these fractions where only coarser sieve data are available. Since Vesuvius produces silica under-saturated products, 'free' crystalline silica in the ash does not pose a significant health hazard (< 2 wt.% cristobalite and < 3 wt.% quartz). Surface tests showed that the capability of the ash to generate the highly-reactive hydroxyl free radical varies considerably amongst samples, with available surface iron correlating well with reactivity potential.
机译：公吨。意大利维苏威火山被认为是世界上最危险的火山之一，因为火山活动的恢复可能会影响到许多人。仅在峰会10公里内，就有60万人居住。维苏威火山自1944年以来就一直处于静止状态，并且由于持续处于休眠状态，下一次喷发将更有可能爆发。那时，远离主要火山危害区的人们可能对灰烬的潜在健康危害广为关注。灰分的矿物学和地球化学特征的分析为我们提供了有关颗粒潜在毒性的重要信息，例如，颗粒是否足够小而无法进入肺部，以及颗粒是否具有可引发疾病的反应性。对这些特征的快速评估可以对减轻危害的问题做出实时决策（例如分配防尘口罩），并可以考虑是否进行重大医学/毒理学研究。这里介绍的研究是首次考虑到维苏威火山火山灰产生的潜在呼吸道健康危害，并允许对未来的喷发情况进行规划。收集并分析了代表维苏威火山喷发方式范围的21个灰烬样品。结果表明，碎裂的物理过程在确定灰烬的粒径和危害方面起着重要作用。在这里，最优质的样品来自于普林期和亚平盛期喷发的最终岩浆岩浆阶段（〜16 vol。％<4μm物质）的岩浆和水的相互作用，而低强度的爆炸性活动与熔岩喷出有关粗灰烬危害较小。在与健康相关的不同馏分中发现的物质数量密切相关，从而可以预测只有较粗筛分数据的这些馏分。由于维苏威（Vesuvius）生产的二氧化硅饱和度较低，因此烟灰中的“游离”结晶二氧化硅不会对健康构成重大危害（<2 wt。％的方石英和<3 wt。％的石英）。表面测试表明，灰分产生高反应性羟基自由基的能力在样品之间有很大的不同，可用的表面铁与反应性很好地相关。

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  • 来源
    《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》 |2010年第4期|p.222-232|共11页
  • 作者

    C. J. Horwell; G. W. Stannett; D. Andronico; A. Bertagnini; I. Fenoglio; B. Fubini; J. S. Le Blond; B. J. Williamson;

  • 作者单位

    Institute of Hazard, Risk & Resilience, Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Science Site, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Queens Road, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, UK;

    Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Queens Road, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, UK;

    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy;

    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy;

    Dipartimento di Chimica, I. E. M. and Interdipartmental Center 'G. Scansetti' for the Study of Asbestos and other Toxic Particulates, Universita degli studi di Torino, Torino 10125, Italy;

    Dipartimento di Chimica, I. E. M. and Interdipartmental Center 'G. Scansetti' for the Study of Asbestos and other Toxic Particulates, Universita degli studi di Torino, Torino 10125, Italy;

    Department of Mineralogy, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge CB3 2EN, UK;

    Cambome School of Mines, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9EZ, UK;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    vesuvius; volcano; health; mineralogy; ash;

    机译：维苏威火山;健康;矿物学;灰;

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