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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research >Unravelling the processes controlling gas emissions from the central and northeast craters of Mt. Etna
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Unravelling the processes controlling gas emissions from the central and northeast craters of Mt. Etna

机译：揭示控制中山和东北火山口气体排放的过程。埃特纳火山

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We measured volcanic gas emissions from the northeast crater (NEC) and central crater (CC) of Mount Etna on 21st July 2008, and 3rd and 31st August 2009, using a novel, lightweight open-path Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (OP-FTIR) in active mode with a portable infrared lamp. Contemporaneously we measured the SO_2 flux of the total gas emission released by the combined summit craters 14 km downwind and the SO_2 flux emitted by the NEC measured at the summit. Combining these data we determined the flux of the major volcanic components H_2O, CO_2, SO_2, HCl and HF emitted individually from CC and NEC craters. The results reveal similar SO_2/HCl ratios but distinct CO_2/SO_2 ratios (1.3 and 10.9 for NEC and CC, respectively) and an order of magnitude greater CO_2 flux from the CC compared with the NEC. A simple model in which the NEC branches from a central feeding conduit at a depth of ～2 km can reproduce these observations. We highlight that in such a system short-term variations in CO_2/SO_2 ratios at each crater can occur due to minor variations in the magma/gas flux entering each conduit at the branch, without an overall change in magma supply. CO_2/ SO_2 variations measured at individual craters may therefore be unrepresentative of the volcanic system and require cautious interpretation. Monitoring of the total CO_2 and SO_2 fluxes emitted from each crater is, on the contrary, an optimal monitoring strategy and can be achieved using a combination of CO_2/SO_2 instruments and SO_2 imaging cameras.
机译：我们使用新颖的轻型开放路径傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（OP-FTIR）在2008年7月21日以及2009年8月3日至31日测量了埃特纳火山的东北火山口（NEC）和中央火山口（CC）的火山气体排放量在活动模式下使用便携式红外灯。同时，我们测量了下风向14公里处的组合峰顶火山口释放的总气体排放中的SO_2通量，以及在峰顶处测量的NEC排放的SO_2通量。结合这些数据，我们确定了CC和NEC火山口单独排放的主要火山组分H_2O，CO_2，SO_2，HCl和HF的通量。结果表明，SO_2 / HCl比相似，但CO_2 / SO_2比不同（NEC和CC分别为1.3和10.9），与NEC相比，来自CC的CO_2通量增加了一个数量级。一个简单的模型，其中NEC在约2 km的深度从中央进水管道分支出来，可以重现这些观察结果。我们着重指出，在这样的系统中，由于进入分支处每个导管的岩浆/气体通量的微小变化，在每个火山口处的CO_2 / SO_2比值可能会发生短期变化，而岩浆供应没有整体变化。因此，在各个火山口处测得的CO_2 / SO_2变化可能无法代表火山系统，因此需要谨慎解释。相反，从每个火山口排放的总CO_2和SO_2通量的监测是一种最佳的监测策略，可以结合使用CO_2 / SO_2仪器和SO_2成像相机来实现。

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