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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research >Shifting Styles Of Basaltic Explosive Activity During The 2002-03 Eruption Of Mt. Etna, Italy
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Shifting Styles Of Basaltic Explosive Activity During The 2002-03 Eruption Of Mt. Etna, Italy

机译：2002-03年山爆发时玄武岩爆炸活动的转变方式。意大利埃特纳火山

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摘要

The 2002-03 flank eruption of Etna was characterized by two months of explosive activity that produced copious ash fallout, constituting a major source of hazard and damage over all eastern Sicily. Most of the tephra were erupted from vents at 2750 and 2800 m elevation on the S flank of the volcano, where different eruptive styles alternated. The dominant style of explosive activity consisted of discrete to pulsing magma jets mounted by wide ash plumes, which we refer to as ash-rich jets and plumes. Similarly, ash-rich explosive activity was also briefly observed during the 2001 flank eruption of Etna, but is otherwise fairly uncommon in the recent history of Etna. Here, we describe the features of the 2002-03 explosive activity and compare it with the 2001 eruption in order to characterize ash-rich jets and plumes and their transition with other eruptive styles, including Strombolian and ash explosions, mainly through chemical, componentry and morphology investigations of erupted ash. Past models explain the transition between different styles of basaltic explosive activity only in terms of flow conditions of gas and liquid. Our findings suggest that the abundant presence of a solid phase (microlites) may also control vent degassing and consequent magma fragmentation and eruptive style. In fact, in contrast with the Strombolian or Hawaiian microlite-poor, fluidal, sideromelane clasts, ash-rich jets and plumes produce crystal-rich tachylite clasts with evidence of brittle fragmentation, suggesting that high groundmass crystallinity of the very top part of the magma column may reduce bubble movement while increasing fragmentation efficiency.
机译：埃特纳火山（Etna）2002-03侧翼爆发的特点是爆发了两个月的炸药活动，产生了大量的灰烬尘埃，构成了整个西西里岛东部危险和破坏的主要根源。大部分特非拉火山是从火山S侧面的海拔2750和2800 m处的喷口喷出的，在这里，不同的喷发样式交替出现。爆炸活动的主要形式包括离散的或脉动的岩浆喷流，这些喷流由宽的烟灰羽组成，我们将其称为富含灰分的烟尘和羽流。同样，在2001年的埃特纳火山侧面爆发期间，也短暂地观察到了富含灰分的炸药活动，但在埃特纳火山的近期历史中却很少见。在这里，我们描述2002-03炸药爆炸的特征，并将其与2001年的喷发进行比较，以表征富含灰分的射流和烟羽以及它们与其他喷发型态的过渡，包括斯特伦伯利亚大火和灰烬爆炸，主要是通过化学，成分爆炸和火山灰的形态研究。过去的模型仅根据气体和液体的流动条件解释了不同类型的玄武炸药活动之间的过渡。我们的发现表明，固相（微晶石）的大量存在还可以控制排气口的脱气以及随之产生的岩浆破碎和喷发形式。实际上，与Strombolian或夏威夷的微岩较差，流体性，铁观音岩屑，富含灰分的射流和羽流产生富含晶体的速闪石屑相比，它们具有脆性碎裂的迹象，表明岩浆顶部的高地基结晶度色谱柱可减少气泡移动，同时提高碎裂效率。

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