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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research >Magma flow and interaction with waste packages in a geologic repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada
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Magma flow and interaction with waste packages in a geologic repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada

机译：内华达州尤卡山地质仓库中的岩浆流动和废物包的相互作用

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The likelihood that a nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain could be intersected by igneous activity is very low, but its potential consequences are nevertheless important to performance assessments. An ongoing critical area of concern is the nature and magnitude of the thermal interaction of magma with tunnel walls, high-level nuclear waste packages, and waste forms. Previous assessments consider a variety of dynamic scenarios, but large uncertainties remain in understanding the Theological nature of the magma likely to be involved and its behavior within a repository drift. Here we specifically address the issue of magma rheology during degassing, cooling, and solidification as basaltic magma approaches Earth's surface and enters a drift. Magma containing significant amounts (> ～2 wt.%) of dissolved water (Wet Magma), as is anticipated for this region, at or near its liquidus temperature and saturated with water at 200 MPa is at a temperature near or below the 1-atm solidus temperature. Isentropic ascent from this near liquidus temperature promotes extensive solidification and/or glassification. Exsolving water with approach to the surface promotes rapid vesiculation leading to fragmentation and tephra production. With continued ascent the still water-saturated magma traverses the solidification phase field and undergoes a combination of rapid crystallization and quenching, becoming a glassy highly viscous (～10~8 Pa s) mass of greatly reduced mobility. This immobility is reflected in the high effective viscosity regulating flows from nearby cinder cones associated with wet basalt. This also matches well with the experimentally determined rheology of dry basalt glass. This rheology greatly restricts the mobility of basalt within repository drifts, amounting to <10 m per day. Magma in this state quenches rapidly (～10 cm/min) on waste packages. Wet basalt is explosive, but relatively immobile as lava. Dry Magma is not explosive, but highly mobile as lava. Previous studies have tended to use an inconsistent set of mixed magma properties involving both extremes. The net effect of our results is that the portion of a repository hypothetically affected by invading magma is likely to be minimal and the number of waste packages affected may be very small. Moreover, the waste packages and/or waste materials affected will most likely be encased in quenched magma.
机译：尤卡山的核废料储存库可能被火成岩活动相交的可能性很小，但是其潜在后果对性能评估很重要。一个持续关注的关键领域是岩浆与隧道壁，高级核废料包装和废料形式之间的热相互作用的性质和大小。先前的评估考虑了各种动态情况，但是在了解可能涉及的岩浆的神学性质及其在储层中的行为时仍存在很大的不确定性。在这里，我们专门针对玄武岩浆接近地球表面并进入漂移过程中脱气，冷却和凝固过程中的岩浆流变问题。如该区域所预期的那样，在其液相线温度或接近液相线温度时，岩浆中含有大量（>〜2 wt。％）溶解水（湿岩浆），并且在200 MPa的水饱和下的岩浆温度接近或低于1- atm固相线温度。从接近液相线温度的等熵上升促进了广泛的固化和/或玻璃化。接近表面溶解水会促进迅速的囊泡形成，从而导致碎裂和提菲拉产生。随着不断上升，仍然充满水的岩浆穿过凝固相场，并经历了快速结晶和淬火的结合，变成了玻璃态的高粘性（〜10〜8 Pa s）质量，其迁移率大大降低。这种不动性反映在来自与湿玄武岩相关的附近煤渣锥的高效有效的粘度调节流中。这也与实验确定的干玄武岩玻璃的流变学非常匹配。这种流变学极大地限制了玄武岩在储层漂移中的流动性，每天达<10 m。在这种状态下，岩浆在废物包装上迅速淬灭（〜10 cm / min）。湿的玄武岩具有爆炸性，但相对于熔岩而言则相对固定。干岩浆没有爆炸性，但像熔岩一样具有很高的流动性。先前的研究倾向于使用涉及两个极端的一组不一致的混合岩浆特性。我们的结果的最终结果是，假想的侵入岩浆影响的储存库部分可能很小，受影响的废物包数量可能很小。而且，受影响的废物包和/或废物材料很可能被包裹在淬火的岩浆中。

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