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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research >Volcanology, history and myths of the Lake Albano maar (Colli Albani volcano, Italy)
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Volcanology, history and myths of the Lake Albano maar (Colli Albani volcano, Italy)

机译：阿尔巴诺湖maar（科利阿尔巴尼火山，意大利）的火山学，历史和神话

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摘要

The polygenetic Albano maar is the most recent centre of the Colli Albani volcano, located just few kilometres to the south-east of Roma. Presently the maar hosts a 167.5 m deep crater lake, the deepest in Europe. The maar is to be considered quiescent, as phreatic activity is documented throughout the Holocene. This paper illustrates the close relationships between the activity of the maar and the history of settlement in the Roman region as recorded in the geology, archaeology, history and legends of the area. Severe fluctuations of the groundwater table and catastrophic overflows of the Lake Albano from the maar rim had occurred prior to and after the early prehistoric settlements dated in the maar area at the Eneolithic times (ca. III millennium B.C.). Repeated lahars occurred along the northwestern slope of the maar filling in the paleodrainage network and forming a vast plain. Paleohydraulic analyses on fluvial and lahar deposits originated from the Holocene phreatic activity of the Albano maar indicate sediment-water flows in excess of hundreds of cubic metres per second. Absolute age determinations of the paleosoil underlying one of the most recent deposits of the lahar succession at 5800 ± 100 yr B.P. (~(14)C CAL) are in perfect agreement with the age of the overlying Eneolithic age settlements. The last catastrophic overflow is described in the Roman literature as a consequence of the anger of Poseidon against the Romans in 398 B.C. for their war against the Etruscans. In 394 B.C. the Romans decided to prevent the repetition of such events by the excavation through the maar crater wall of a 1.5 km long drain tunnel, which is still operational, keeping the lake 70 m below the lowest point of the maar rim. This tunnel drain may be regarded as the first prevention device for volcanic hazard in history and shows an unprecedented development of the engineering technology under the pressure of hazard perception. The surprising and still largely unknown results of this study are very important to redefine the hazard of the Roman region.
机译：多基因的阿尔巴诺maar是Colli Albani火山的最新中心，位于罗马东南部几公里处。目前，maar拥有一个167.5 m的火山口湖，是欧洲最深的火山口。由于整个全新世都有潜水活动记录，因此该maar被认为是静止的。本文举例说明了该地区的地质，考古，历史和传说中记载的马尔族活动与罗马地区定居历史之间的密切关系。早在石器时代（公元前三千年）的玛尔地区史前早期聚落之前和之后，地下水位的剧烈波动和玛尔边缘的阿尔巴诺湖就发生了灾难性的溢流。重复的拉哈尔河沿马洛河的西北坡发生，填充在古流域网中，形成一个广阔的平原。对源自阿尔巴诺马尔（Albano maar）全新世潜水活动的河流和拉哈沉积物的古水力分析表明，沉积物-水的流量每秒超过数百立方米。在公元前5800±100年的Lahar演替的最新沉积之一之下的古土壤的绝对年龄确定。 （〜（14）C CAL）与上覆的石器时代定居点的年龄完全一致。由于波塞冬在公元前398年对罗马人的愤怒，罗马文学中描述了最后一次灾难性的溢流。他们与伊特鲁里亚人的战争。在公元前394年罗马人决定通过在1.5公里长的排水隧道的玛尔火山口墙进行开挖来阻止此类事件的重复，该隧道仍在运行，使湖泊保持在玛尔边缘最低点以下70 m。该隧道排水可能被认为是历史上第一个预防火山灾害的装置，并在灾害感知的压力下显示出工程技术的空前发展。这项研究令人惊讶且仍然未知的结果对于重新定义罗马地区的危害非常重要。

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