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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research >The Campanian Ignimbrite And Codola Tephra Layers: Two Temporal/stratigraphic Markers For The Early Upper Palaeolithic In Southern Italy And Eastern Europe
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The Campanian Ignimbrite And Codola Tephra Layers: Two Temporal/stratigraphic Markers For The Early Upper Palaeolithic In Southern Italy And Eastern Europe

机译：坎帕尼亚火山岩和科多拉特非拉层：意大利南部和东欧早期上古石器时代的两个时间/地层标记

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摘要

Tephra layers from archaeological sites in southern Italy and eastern Europe stratigraphically associated with cultural levels containing Early Upper Palaeolithic industry were analysed. The results confirm the occurrence of the Campanian Ignimbrite tephra (CI; ca. 40 cal ka BP) at Castelcivita Cave (southern Italy), Temnata Cave (Bulgaria) and in the Kostenki-Borshchevo area of the Russian Plain. This tephra, originated from the largest eruption of the Phlegrean Field caldera, represents the widest volcanic deposit and one of the most important temporal/stratigraphic markers of western Eurasia. At Paglicci Cave and lesser sites in the Apulia region we recognise a chemically and texturally different tephra, which lithologically, chronologically and chemically matches the physical and chemical characteristics of the Plinian eruption of Codola; a poorly known Late Pleistocene explosive event from the Neapolitan volcanoes, likely Somma-Vesuvius. For this latter, we propose a preliminary age estimate of ca. 33 cal ka BP and a correlation to the widespread C-10 marine tephra of the central Mediterranean. The stratigraphic position of both CI and Codola tephra layers at Castelcivita and Paglicci help date the first and the last documented appearance of Early Upper Palaeolithic industries of southern Italy to ca. 41-40 and 33 cal ka BP, respectively, or between two interstadial oscillations of the Monticchio pollen record - to which the CI and Codola tephras are physically correlated -corresponding to the Greenland interstadials 10-9 and 5. In eastern Europe, the stratigraphic and chronometric data seem to indicate an earlier appearance of the Early Upper Palaeolithic industries, which would predate of two millennia at least the overlying CI tephra. The tephrostratigraphic correlation indicates that in both regions the innovations connected with the so-called Early Upper Palaeolithic - encompassing subsistence strategy and stone tool technology - appeared and evolved during one of the most unstable climatic phases of the Last Glacial period. On this basis, the marked environmental unpredictability characterising this time-span is seen as a potential ecological factor involved in the cultural changes observed.
机译：分析了意大利南部和东欧考古遗址的特非拉层，这些地层与包含早期旧石器时代工业的文化水平在地层上相关。这些结果证实了在意大利南部的卡斯尔奇维塔洞穴，保加利亚的Temnata洞穴以及俄罗斯平原的科斯滕基-博尔什切沃地区发生了Campanian Ignimbrite tephra（CI；约40 cal ka BP）的发生。该特非拉火山起源于Phlegrean Field火山口的最大喷发，代表了欧亚大陆西部最宽的火山床和最重要的时间/地层标志之一。在阿普利亚地区的Paglicci洞穴和一些较小的地点，我们认识到一种化学和质地不同的特非拉，它们在岩性，时间和化学上与科多拉的普林期喷发的物理和化学特征相匹配。那不勒斯火山（可能是索马-维苏威火山）发生的鲜为人知的晚更新世爆炸事件。对于后一种情况，我们建议对年龄进行初步估算。 33 cal ka BP，与地中海中部广泛分布的C-10海洋特发拉有关。在Castelcivita和Paglicci的CI和Codola tephra层的地层位置可追溯到意大利南部上古旧石器时代早期工业的第一个和最后一个文献记载。分别为41-40和33 cal ka BP，或者在Monticchio花粉记录的两次星际振荡之间（CI和Codola tephras与之物理相关），对应于格陵兰星际10-9和5。在东欧，地层年代计数据似乎表明早期的旧石器时代的工业出现较早，至少在上千年的CI Tephra之前已有两千年。地层关系表明，在这两个地区，与上古旧石器时代有关的创新-包括生存策略和石器技术-在上一次冰河时期最不稳定的气候阶段之一出现并演化。在此基础上，表征该时间跨度的显着环境不可预测性被视为与观察到的文化变化有关的潜在生态因素。

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