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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research >Airborne Laser Swath Mapping Of The Summit Of Erebus Volcano, Antarctica: Applications To Geological Mapping Of A Volcano
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Airborne Laser Swath Mapping Of The Summit Of Erebus Volcano, Antarctica: Applications To Geological Mapping Of A Volcano

机译：南极埃雷布斯火山山顶的机载激光测绘测绘：在火山地质测绘中的应用

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摘要

The lidar observations reported here have provided the first high precision topographic data on the active craters of Erebus volcano, Antarctica. Digital elevation data are invaluable for geomorphic analysis of volcanoes especially when combined with methods to automatically extract landscape features. The data are indispensable for studying eruptive events and volcano-tectonic processes. Airborne laser scanning or lidar is a rapidly emerging technology to map surface topography with high accuracy and detail, comparable to a 1:1000 scale map. In the austral summer of 2001-2002 airborne laser scanning data were collected in Antarctica over the summit plateau of Erebus volcano. We describe the high-resolution data set from Erebus, products derived from the data and demonstrate how extracted topographic features can be used in the geomorphic analysis of volcanoes. Background is presented on the airborne laser scanning method and on the accuracy estimation of laser points. We describe the computation of a high-resolution DEM with a grid size of 2 m × 2 m for the summit area of Erebus volcano. Errors in the DEM are assessed using independent ground-based GPS data and the RMS error is estimated to be ±0.39 m. Visualization methods reveal topographic features that are very useful for geomorphic analysis. Automatic feature extraction and processing is necessary to exploit the high-resolution and accurate elevation data. Methods are described to extract 1D and 2D features and organize them for subsequent analysis. Fitting analytical functions to 3D point clouds or DEMs is particularly effective in extracting topographic features, including planes, higher order surfaces, cones, and conic sections. These methods are used to obtain a quantitative description of the calderas and modern-day crater of Erebus. Especially valuable are the measured surface areas if the lava lakes as these control thermal emissions and gas fluxes from the volcano. Examination of the surface elevations of Ray Lava Lake, Werner Vent and Active Vent indicates that the active vents were more or less in magmastatic equilibrium in 2001 December. Conic segments are fitted to mapped sections of caldera rims to identify the sections buried under younger lava flows or covered by ice and snow. Automatic methods are used to detect and characterize lava channels using geomorphometric maps generated from the DEM.
机译：此处报告的激光雷达观测结果提供了有关南极洲埃里布斯火山活动火山口的第一批高精度地形数据。数字高程数据对于火山地貌分析是无价的，尤其是与自动提取景观特征的方法结合使用时。该数据对于研究喷发事件和火山构造过程必不可少。机载激光扫描或激光雷达是一种迅速出现的技术，可以以1：1000的比例尺地图绘制高精度和详细的表面形貌。在2001-2002的南方夏季，在Erebus火山顶高原的南极收集了机载激光扫描数据。我们描述了来自Erebus的高分辨率数据集，以及从数据中衍生的产品，并演示了提取的地形特征如何用于火山地貌分析中。介绍了机载激光扫描方法和激光点精度估算的背景。我们描述了Erebus火山山顶区域的2 m×2 m网格尺寸的高分辨率DEM的计算。使用独立的地面GPS数据评估DEM中的误差，RMS误差估计为±0.39 m。可视化方法揭示了对于地貌分析非常有用的地形特征。自动特征提取和处理对于利用高分辨率和准确的高程数据是必要的。描述了提取1D和2D要素并组织它们以进行后续分析的方法。将分析功能拟合到3D点云或DEM在提取地形特征（包括平面，高阶曲面，圆锥体和圆锥截面）时特别有效。这些方法用于定量描述Erebus的火山口和现代火山口。如果熔岩湖能控制火山的热辐射和气体通量，那么测量的表面积尤其有价值。对Ray Lava Lake，Werner Vent和Active Vent的表面高度进行的检查表明，2001年12月，活跃的出风口或多或少处于岩浆平衡状态。将圆锥形片段拟合到破火山口边缘的映射部分，以识别埋在较年轻的熔岩流下或被冰雪覆盖的部分。使用自动方法通过DEM生成的地貌图来检测和表征熔岩通道。

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