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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research >Continental Basaltic Volcanoes - Processes And Problems
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Continental Basaltic Volcanoes - Processes And Problems

机译：大陆玄武岩火山-过程和问题

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Monogenetic basaltic volcanoes are the most common volcanic landforms on the continents. They encompass a range of morphologies from small pyrodastic constructs to larger shields and reflect a wide range of eruptive processes. This paper reviews physical volcanplogical aspects of continental basaltic eruptions that are driven primarily by magmatic volatiles. Explosive eruption styles include Hawaiian and Strombolian (sensu stricto) and violent Strombolian end members, and a full spectrum of styles that are transitional between these end members. The end-member explosive styles generate characteristic facies within the resulting pyroclastic constructs (proximal) and beyond in tephra fall deposits (medial to distal). Explosive and effusive behavior can be simultaneous from the same conduit system and is a complex function of composition, ascent rate, degassing, and multiphase processes. Lavas are produced by direct effusion from central vents and fissures or from breakouts (boccas, located along cone slopes or at the base of a cone or rampart) that are controlled by varying combinations of cone structure, feeder dike processes, local effusion rate and topography. Clastogenic lavas are also produced by rapid accumulation of hot material from a pyroclastic column, or by more gradual welding and collapse of a pyroclastic edifice shortly after eruptions. Lava flows interact with - and counteract -cone building through the process of rafting. Eruption processes are closely coupled to shallow magma ascent dynamics, which in turn are variably controlled by pre-existing structures and interaction of the rising magmatic mixture with wall rocks. Locations and length scales of shallow intrusive features can be related to deeper length scales within the magma source zone in the mantle. Coupling between tectonic forces, magma mass flux, and heat flow range from weak (low magma flux basaltic fields) to sufficiently strong that some basaltic fields produce polygenetic composite volcanoes with more evolved compositions. Throughout the paper we identify key problems where additional research will help to advance our overall understanding of this important type of volcanism.
机译：单相玄武质火山是大陆上最常见的火山地貌。它们涵盖了从小型火山岩构造到较大的盾构的一系列形态，并反映了广泛的喷发过程。本文回顾了主要由岩浆挥发物驱动的大陆玄武岩喷发的物理火山学方面。爆炸性喷发样式包括夏威夷和Strombolian（严格的sensu）以及暴力的Strombolian终端成员，以及在这些终端成员之间过渡的各种样式。最终成员的炸药样式在生成的火山碎屑构造（近端）中以及在特弗拉瀑布沉积物中（中端至远端）之外产生特征相。爆炸和喷射行为可以在同一导管系统中同时发生，并且是组成，上升速率，脱气和多相过程的复杂功能。熔岩是通过中央喷口和裂隙的直接渗出产生的，也可能是由爆发（boccas，沿着圆锥斜面或在圆锥体或垒的底部）产生的，而突破则由圆锥结构，进料堤堤工艺，局部渗出率和地形的不同组合来控制。火山碎屑的形成还来自火山碎屑柱中热物质的快速堆积，或者在火山喷发后不久，火山碎屑大厦的逐步焊接和塌陷。熔岩流通过漂流过程与圆锥形建筑相互作用，并相互抵消。喷发过程与浅层岩浆上升动力紧密相关，而岩浆上升动力又由既有结构和上升的岩浆混合物与围岩相互作用共同控制。浅层侵入性特征的位置和长度尺度可能与地幔中岩浆源区内较深的长度尺度有关。构造力，岩浆质量通量和热流之间的耦合范围从弱（岩浆通量低的玄武岩场）到足够强的范围，以至于某些玄武岩场会形成具有更多演化成分的多基因复合火山。在整篇论文中，我们确定了关键问题，需要进行更多的研究才能增强我们对这种重要类型的火山活动的总体了解。

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