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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research >The Fekete-hegy (Balaton Highland Hungary) 'soft-substrate' and 'hard-substrate' maar volcanoes in an aligned volcanic complex - Implications for vent geometry, subsurface stratigraphy and the palaeoenvironmental setting
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The Fekete-hegy (Balaton Highland Hungary) 'soft-substrate' and 'hard-substrate' maar volcanoes in an aligned volcanic complex - Implications for vent geometry, subsurface stratigraphy and the palaeoenvironmental setting

机译：Fekete-hegy（匈牙利Balaton高地）对齐火山岩中的“软基质”和“硬基质” Maar火山-火山口几何形状，地下地层和古环境设置的含义

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The Fekete-hegy volcanic complex is located in the centre of the Bakony Balaton Highland Volcanic Field, in the Pannonian Basin, which formed from the late Miocene to Pliocene period. The eruption of at least four very closely clustered maar volcanoes into two clearly distinct types of prevolcanic rocks allows the observation and comparison of hard-substrate and soft-substrate maars in one volcanic complex. The analyses of bedding features, determination of the proportion of accidental lithic clasts, granulometry and age determination helped to identify and distinguish the two types of maar volcanoes. Ascending magma interacted with meteoric water in karst aquifers in Mesozoic carbonates, as well as in porous media aquifers in Neogene unconsolidated, wet, siliciclastic sediments. The divided basement setting is reflected by distinct bedding characteristics and morphological features of the individual volcanic edifices as well as a distinct composition of pyroclastic rocks. Country rocks in hard-substrate maars have a steep angle of repose, leading to the formation of steep sided cone-shaped diatremes. Enlargement and filling of these diatreme is mainly a result of shattering material by FCI related shock waves and wall-rock collapse during downward penetration of the explosion locus. Country rocks in soft-substrate maars have much shallower angles of repose, leading to the formation of broad, bowl shaped structures or irregular depressions. Enlargement and filling of these diatremes is mainly the result of substrate collapse, for example due to liquefaction of unconsolidated material by FCI-related shock waves, and its emplacement by gravity flows. The Fekete-hegy is an important example illustrating that the substrate of a volcanic edifice has to be taken into account as an important interface, which can have major control on phreatomagmatic eruptions and the resulting characteristics of the volcanic complex.
机译：Fekete-hegy火山复合体位于Pannonian盆地的Bakony Balaton高地火山场的中心，该盆地是中新世晚期至上新世时期形成的。将至少四个非常紧密聚集的马氏火山喷发成两种明显不同的前火山岩类型，可以观察和比较一个火山岩中的硬质基底和软质基底的马氏体。分析地层特征，确定偶然碎屑的比例，粒度分析法和确定年龄有助于确定和区分这两种类型的玛尔火山。中生代碳酸盐岩中的岩溶含水层，以及新近纪非固结，湿润，硅质碎屑沉积物中的多孔介质含水层中，上升岩浆与陨石水相互作用。分开的地下室设置反映为各个火山构造的独特的层理特征和形态特征，以及火山碎屑岩的独特成分。硬质基底岩浆中的乡村岩石具有陡峭的休止角，导致形成陡峭的锥形圆锥形异常。这些异常的扩大和填充主要是由于FCI相关的冲击波使材料破碎，并且在爆炸轨迹的向下穿透过程中壁岩石塌陷。软基底岩浆中的乡村岩石具有更浅的休止角，导致形成宽大的碗状结构或不规则的凹陷。这些缺陷的扩大和填充主要是基材崩塌的结果，例如，由于未固结材料在FCI相关的冲击波作用下液化，而在重力作用下被压实。 Fekete-hegy是一个重要的例子，说明必须考虑将火山建筑物的基底作为重要的界面，它可以对吞噬岩浆喷发以及火山综合体的最终特征具有重要的控制作用。

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