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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research >Spatial and temporal geochemical trends in the hydrothermal system of Yellowstone National Park: Inferences from river solute fluxes
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Spatial and temporal geochemical trends in the hydrothermal system of Yellowstone National Park: Inferences from river solute fluxes

机译：黄石国家公园热液系统的时空地球化学趋势：来自河流溶质通量的推论

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摘要

We present and analyze a chemical dataset that includes the concentrations and fluxes of HCO_3~-, SO_4~( 2-), Cl~-, and F~- in the major rivers draining Yellowstone National Park (YNP) for the 2002-2004 water years (1 October 2001 - 30 September 2004). The total (molar) flux in all rivers decreases in the following order, HCO_3~- >Cl~- >SO_4~(2-) > F~-, but each river is characterized by a distinct chemical composition, implying large-scale spatial heterogeneity in the inputs of the various solutes. The data also display non-uniform temporal trends; whereas solute concentrations and fluxes are nearly constant during base-flow conditions, concentrations decrease, solute fluxes increase, and HCO_3~-/Cl~-, and SO_4~(2-)/Cl~- increase during the late-spring high-flow period. HCO_3~-/SO_4~(2-) decreases with increasing discharge in the Madison and Falls Rivers, but increases with discharge in the Yellowstone and Snake Rivers. The non-linear relations between solute concentrations and river discharge and the change in anion ratios associated with spring runoff are explained by mixing between two components: (1) a component that is discharged during base-flow conditions and (2) a component associated with snow-melt runoff characterized by higher HCO_3~-/Cl~- and SO_4~(2-)/Cl~-. The fraction of the second component is greater in the Yellowstone and Snake Rivers, which host lakes in their drainage basins and where a large fraction of the solute flux follows thaw of ice cover in the spring months. Although the total river HCO_3~- flux is larger than the flux of other solutes (HCO_3~-/Cl~- ≈ 3), the CO_2 equivalent flux is only ～ 1% of the estimated emission of magmatic CO_2 soil emissions from Yellowstone. No anomalous solute flux in response to perturbations in the hydrothermal system was observed, possibly because gage locations are too distant from areas of disturbance, or because of the relatively low sampling frequency. In order to detect changes in river hydrothermal solute fluxes, sampling at higher frequencies with better spatial coverage would be required. Our analysis also suggests that it might be more feasible to detect large-scale heating or cooling of the hydrothermal system by tracking changes in gas and steam flux than by tracking changes in river solute flux. Published by Elsevier B.V.
机译：我们提供并分析了一个化学数据集，其中包括2002-2004年水排入黄石国家公园（YNP）的主要河流中HCO_3〜-，SO_4〜（2-），Cl〜-和F〜-的浓度和通量年（2001年10月1日至2004年9月30日）。所有河流的总（摩尔）通量按以下顺序减小，即HCO_3〜-> Cl〜-> SO_4〜（2-）> F〜-，但每条河流的化学成分均不同，这意味着大范围的空间分布各种溶质输入中的异质性。数据还显示不均匀的时间趋势；而在底流条件下，溶质浓度和通量几乎恒定，浓度降低，溶质通量增加，并且在后期高流量下HCO_3〜-/ Cl〜-和SO_4〜（2-）/ Cl〜-增加期。在麦迪逊河和福尔斯河中，HCO_3〜-/ SO_4〜（2-）随着排放量的增加而减少，而在黄石河和斯内克河中，HCO_3〜-/ SO_4〜（2-）随排放量的增加而增加。溶质浓度与河流排放量之间的非线性关系以及与春季径流相关的阴离子比率的变化通过以下两种成分之间的混合来解释：（1）在基流条件下排放的成分；（2）与融雪径流具有较高的HCO_3〜-/ Cl〜-和SO_4〜（2-）/ Cl〜-的特征。在黄石河和斯内克河中，第二部分的比例更大，它们在流域内有湖泊，在春季，大部分溶质通量随冰盖融化。尽管河流的总HCO_3〜-通量大于其他溶质的通量（HCO_3〜-/ Cl〜-≈3），但CO_2当量通量仅为黄石岩浆CO_2土壤排放估算排放量的〜1％。在热液系统中未观察到响应于扰动的溶质通量异常，这可能是因为标距位置与干扰区域相距太远，或由于采样频率相对较低。为了检测河流热液溶质通量的变化，将需要在较高频率下进行更好的空间覆盖采样。我们的分析还表明，与跟踪河流溶质通量的变化相比，通过跟踪燃气和蒸汽通量的变化来检测水热系统的大规模加热或冷却可能更可行。由Elsevier B.V.发布

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