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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research >Impact on volcanic ash detection caused by the loss of the 12.0 μm 'Split Window' band on GOES Imagers
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Impact on volcanic ash detection caused by the loss of the 12.0 μm 'Split Window' band on GOES Imagers

机译：GOES成像仪上12.0μm“分离窗口”带的丢失对火山灰检测的影响

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摘要

Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Imager and Sounder data were evaluated to determine the potential effects of volcanic ash detection without the use of a 12 μm infrared (IR) band, on GOES-M (12) through Q (a period of at least 10 years). Principal component analysis (PCA) images with and without 12 μm IR data were compared subjectively for six weak to moderate eruptions using pattern recognition techniques, and objectively by determining a false detection rate parameter. GOES Sounder data were also evaluated in a few instances to assess any potential contributions from the new 13.3 μm Imager band. Results indicated that, during periods of daylight, there was little apparent difference in the quality of IR detection without the 12 μm IR, likely due to a maximum in solar reflectance of silicate ash in a shortwave IR (SWIR) band centered near 3.9 μm. At night when SWIR reflectance diminished, the ash detection capability appeared to be significantly worse, evidenced by increased ambiguity between volcanic ash and meteorological clouds or surface features. The possible effects of this degradation on aviation operations are discussed. The new 13.3 μm IR band on GOES has the capability to help distinguish ash from cirrus clouds, but not from low level clouds consisting of water droplets. Multi-spectral data from higher resolution polar orbiting satellites may also be used to supplement analyses from lower resolution GOES for long-lived ash cloud events. The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments appear to be the best options in accomplishing this, with additional satellite missions becoming available later in the decade. In summary, it will still be possible to observe and track significant volcanic ash clouds in the GOES-M through Q era (2003 - 2012) without the benefit of 12 μm IR data, but with some degradation that will be most significant at night.
机译：评估了地球静止运行环境卫星（GOES）的成像仪和测深仪数据，以确定在不使用12μm红外（IR）波段的情况下，对GOES-M（12）至Q（至少为一个周期）进行火山灰检测的潜在影响10年）。使用模式识别技术，主观比较具有和不具有12μm红外数据的主成分分析（PCA）图像，对六次弱至中度爆发进行主观比较，并客观地确定错误的检测率参数。在一些情况下，还对GOES Sounder数据进行了评估，以评估新的13.3μmImager波段的任何潜在贡献。结果表明，在白天，没有12μmIR的IR检测质量几乎没有明显差异，这很可能是由于以3.9μm为中心的短波IR（SWIR）波段中硅灰的太阳反射率最大。在夜间SWIR反射率降低时，火山灰与气象云或地表特征之间的歧义性增加证明了灰分探测能力明显变差。讨论了这种降级对航空运行的可能影响。 GOES上新的13.3μm红外波段具有帮助将灰分与卷云区分开来的能力，但不能与由水滴组成的低空云团区分开。来自高分辨率极地轨道卫星的多光谱数据也可用于补充来自低分辨率GOES的长期灰云事件的分析。先进的超高分辨率辐射计（AVHRR）和中分辨率成像光谱辐射仪（MODIS）仪器似乎是实现这一目标的最佳选择，并在随后的十年中提供了更多的卫星任务。总而言之，仍然有可能在Q时代（2003年至2012年）观察和跟踪GOES-M中大量的火山灰云，而无需使用12μm的红外数据，但会有一些退化在夜间最为明显。

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