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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research >UAVs for volcano monitoring: A new approach applied on an active lava flow on ML Etna (Italy), during the 27 February-02 March 2017 eruption
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UAVs for volcano monitoring: A new approach applied on an active lava flow on ML Etna (Italy), during the 27 February-02 March 2017 eruption

机译：无人机监测火山：在2017年2月27日至3月2日爆发的意大利埃特纳火山（ML Etna）上活跃的熔岩流上采用了一种新方法

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Mt. Etna (Italy) with 55 effusive events in the last six years is one of the most active volcanoes in the world, with a million people living on its flank and thousands of tourists who visit it every summer.For this reason, the lava flow monitoring for risk mitigation and Civil Protection purposes is one of the fundamental tasks of the Cartographic Laboratory of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Etneo. This activity was traditionally performed using data collected from the field (with terrestrial GPS surveys) and from helicopter taking visible and thermal images. During the 27 February-02 March 2017 eruption the FlyEye Team, applied Unmanned Aerial Vehicles to monitor the active lava flow. Two high-resolution UAV surveys were performed on the lava flow field on the south flank of Mt. Etna, between 3050 and 2600 m a.s.I., obtaining almost 1170 images. Structure-from-Motion techniques were applied to create orthophotos and Digital Elevation Models (DEM) of the lava flow field and surroundings. The obtained DEM has a resolution of 14.2, and 20.7 cm/px for the main lava flow and the west branch, respectively. On the wall, the 96% of the lava flow field was mapped using aerial images by UAV covering an area of 0.3 x 10(6) m(2). Lava flow volume was calculated with the topographic approach: difference between post- and pre-eruption surface, DEM 2017 and DEM 2014, respectively. The impossibility of spreading the GCPs homogenously distorted the resulting DEM; for this reason, it was necessary to align the lava flow point clouds, obtained from the photogrammetry software, to the basal 2014 DEM. Subtracting the two DEMs a lava flow thickness grid resulted leading to a total volume of 1.4 x 10(6) m(3) and an error estimation of about 20%. Finally, dividing the total volume for the effusion duration (63 h) a mean output rate of 6.2 m(3)/s resulted. The calculated volcanological parameters have the same order of magnitude of the previous activity of Mt. Etna, between 2011 and 2016. This research demonstrates that UAV photogrammetry was successfully exploited during an eruptive crisis, allowing a first fast processing, to obtain an orthophoto of the lava flow field, useful for "decision makers" and a further slower processing for the realization of a high-resolution DEM. The latter makes it possible to update the topography, another important argument for Civil Protection purpose. This paper describes a methodology that could be applied during other natural events in extreme environmental conditions. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：公吨。埃特纳火山（意大利）在过去六年中发生了55起喷发性火山，是世界上最活跃的火山之一，有100万人居住在其侧面，每年夏天都有成千上万的游客来此参观。降低风险和保护民用是Osservatorio Etneo国家地理地理学院的制图实验室的基本任务之一。传统上，该活动是使用从野外（通过地面GPS勘测）以及从直升机上获取可见和热图像的数据进行的。在2017年2月27日至3月2日的火山爆发期间，FlyEye小组应用了无人飞行器来监测活跃的熔岩流。在Mt山南翼的熔岩流场进行了两次高分辨率的无人机调查。 Etna，在3050和2600 m a.s.I.之间，获得了近1170张图像。运动结构技术被用于创建熔岩流场和周围环境的正射影像和数字高程模型（DEM）。所获得的DEM的主熔岩流和西分支的分辨率分别为14.2和20.7 cm / px。在墙上，无人飞行器使用航拍图像绘制了96％的熔岩流场，覆盖面积为0.3 x 10（6）m（2）。熔岩流量是通过地形学方法计算的：喷发后和喷发前表面之间的差异，分别为DEM 2017和DEM 2014。不可能分散GCP，从而使生成的DEM失真。因此，有必要将从摄影测量软件获得的熔岩流点云与基础2014 DEM对齐。将两个DEM减去一个熔岩流厚度网格，得出的总体积为1.4 x 10（6）m（3），误差估计约为20％。最后，将总体积除以积液持续时间（63 h），平均输出速率为6.2 m（3）/ s。计算出的火山学参数与之前的Mt活动具有相同的数量级。埃特纳火山（Etna），在2011年至2016年之间。这项研究表明，在爆发性危机期间成功利用了无人机摄影测量技术，可以进行快速处理，以获得熔岩流场的正射影像，对“决策者”有用，并且处理速度更慢用于实现高分辨率DEM。后者使更新地形成为可能，这是出于民防目的的另一个重要论据。本文介绍了一种可以在极端环境条件下的其他自然事件中应用的方法。 （C）2018 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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