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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research >Metal transport in volcanic plumes: A case study at White Island and Yasur volcanoes
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Metal transport in volcanic plumes: A case study at White Island and Yasur volcanoes

机译：火山羽中的金属运输：以白岛和亚苏尔火山为例

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摘要

We report new data on trace metal emissions at White Island volcano (2015-2016), the first estimates from Yasur volcano (2016), and a brief review of global volcanic metal fluxes. Bi, Cd, Tl, Se, Sb, Te and Au are the most enriched metals and metalloids in the particulate phase of volcanic plumes. Observations of the particulate phase from the volcanic plumes of White Island, Yasur and Etna reveal abundant silicates and sulfates, sulfuric acid and more interestingly Zn oxide containing variable amounts of Cu. Thermodynamic speciation calculations show chloride species to be very important in terms of gaseous metal transport. Complexation with sulfur, in contrast, appears significant only in S-rich and Cl-poor gases, at high (700 degrees C) temperature. Bromine, despite being a minor component of volcanic gases, is very efficient at complexing with metals, and especially with Cu, Pb, Bi, Zn and Cr. Metal emission rates in the study period at White Island are one to two orders of magnitude lower than reported previously, with similar to 6-10 kg/d of Cu, As, Se and Zn, and 2 kg/d of Pb, Bi, Tl, Sb, Te and Cd. Higher values were measured at Yasur volcano, ranging from similar to 175 kg/d of Cu, similar to 30 kg/d of As, Zn and Pb, and similar to 3 kg/d of Tl and Cd. Such fluxes of toxic metals are significant, representing a potential threat for local populations. We compare our new data to previously reported metal emissions from volcanoes worldwide, and show that high halogen emissions appear as the critical parameter controlling metal emissions, explaining the high metal fluxes measured at some intraplate volcanoes. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：我们报告了白岛火山（2015-2016年）痕量金属排放的新数据，雅苏尔火山（2016年）的首次估算以及全球火山金属通量的简要回顾。 Bi，Cd，Tl，Se，Sb，Te和Au是火山羽颗粒相中最富集的金属和准金属。从怀特岛，亚苏尔和埃特纳火山的烟羽中观察到的颗粒相显示出丰富的硅酸盐和硫酸盐，硫酸，以及有趣的是氧化锌中含有可变量的铜。热力学形态计算表明，氯化物在气态金属传输方面非常重要。相反，在高温（> 700摄氏度）下，与硫的络合仅在富S和贫Cl气体中才有意义。溴尽管是火山气体中的次要成分，但在与金属特别是与铜，铅，铋，锌和铬的络合中非常有效。研究期间，白岛的金属排放量比以前报告的要低一到两个数量级，铜，砷，硒和锌的排放量接近6-10千克/天，铅，铋的<2千克/天，Tl，Sb，Te和Cd。在Yasur火山中测得的值更高，范围大约为175千克/天的铜，接近30千克/天的砷，锌和铅，以及接近3千克/天的Tl和Cd。这种有毒金属的流量很大，对当地居民构成了潜在威胁。我们将新数据与之前报道的全球火山金属排放量进行了比较，结果表明高卤素排放量是控制金属排放量的关键参数，这解释了在某些板内火山中测得的高金属通量。 （C）2018 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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