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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research >A sequence of a plinian eruption preceded by dome destruction at Kelud volcano, Indonesia, on February 13, 2014, revealed from tephra fallout and pyroclastic density current deposits
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A sequence of a plinian eruption preceded by dome destruction at Kelud volcano, Indonesia, on February 13, 2014, revealed from tephra fallout and pyroclastic density current deposits

机译：2014年2月13日在印度尼西亚克卢德火山爆发的一系列普林尼火山喷发，其穹顶遭到破坏，这从前生辉沉积物和火山碎屑密度流沉积物中揭示出来

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A plinian-style eruption with a radially spreading umbrella cloud occurred on February 13, 2014, at Kelud volcano, Indonesia. We present the sequence of this plinian event based on a geological survey of the eruption products and analysis of satellite images. The eruptive deposits were divided into four major depositional units (Units A, B, C, and D) and used to determine the sequence of events. The plinian phase was preceded by partial destruction of the existing lava dome and generation of high-energy pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) mainly toward the NE that produced a series of depositional subunits (Units A(0-2)) and blown-down trees (stage 1). In the main phase of the plinian eruption, tephra fallout (Unit B) was widely distributed over East Java (stage 2). The winds above the volcano significantly affected the tephra dispersal process. In stage 3, the plinian column collapsed, generating dense PDCs that flowed down the volcano valleys, producing pumiceous lobate deposits (Unit C). The declining phase of the eruption produced fine-rich fallout tephra layers (Unit D1-2) from low-level eruption plumes and/or ash lofted from PDCs. The eruption sequence constructed from field observations is supported by geophysical observations. The deposit features and componentry suggest that newly ascended magma triggered the destruction of the lava dome and the generation of high-energy PDCs, and during the subsequent climactic phase the dome was completely destroyed. We estimate a total erupted volume of 0.25-0.50 km(3) (bulk deposit volume, 0.14-0.28 km(3) in dense rock equivalent) and a mass eruption rate of 6.5 +/- 2.8 x 10(7) kg/s, with a volcanic explosivity index of 4. The eruption sequence and physical parameters of the 2014 eruption will help assess future volcanic activity and hazards at Kelud volcano. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V.
机译：2014年2月13日，印度尼西亚Kelud火山爆发了一次普林式喷发，喷发着伞状云。我们基于喷发产物的地质调查和卫星图像分析，介绍了这次普林事件的序列。喷发沉积物分为四个主要沉积单元（A，B，C和D单元），并用于确定事件的顺序。在普林期之前，部分破坏了现有的熔岩穹顶并产生了高能的火山碎屑密度流（PDC），主要流向NE，NE产生了一系列沉积亚单元（A（0-2）单元）和倒塌的树木（阶段1）。在普林尼埃火山喷发的主要阶段中，东非爪哇（第2阶段）广泛分布了特非拉辐射（B单元）。火山上方的风显着影响了特菲拉的扩散过程。在阶段3中，plinian柱塌陷，生成了浓密的PDC，这些PDC顺着火山谷流下，产生了针状叶状沉积物（C单元）。喷发的下降阶段从低层喷发羽和/或从PDC放出的灰烬中产生了细粉丰富的沉降性提菲拉层（D1-2单元）。由野外观测构造的喷发序列得到地球物理观测的支持。沉积特征和成分表明，新上升的岩浆触发了熔岩穹顶的破坏和高能PDC的产生，在随后的高潮阶段，穹顶被完全破坏。我们估计总喷发量为0.25-0.50 km（3）（大块沉积量，在密实岩石当量中为0.14-0.28 km（3）），喷发速率为6.5 +/- 2.8 x 10（7）kg / s ，火山爆发指数为4。2014年喷发的喷发顺序和物理参数将有助于评估Kelud火山的未来火山活动和危害。 （C）2018爱思唯尔B.V.

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