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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research >Magma intrusion and effusion at Sinabung volcano, Indonesia, from 2013 to 2016, as revealed by continuous GPS observation
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Magma intrusion and effusion at Sinabung volcano, Indonesia, from 2013 to 2016, as revealed by continuous GPS observation

机译：GPS连续观测显示，2013年至2016年，印度尼西亚锡纳邦火山的岩浆侵入和积水

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We analyzed continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) data from Sinabung to capture and model the migration of magma from the pre-eruptive and syn-eruptive time period between June 2013 and January 2016. We divided this time into four periods of significant deformation: two extensional stages followed by two contractional stages. Using a grid search method, we determined the location and volume change of a Mogi source for each deformation stage. Cumulative volume changes during the contraction periods were approximated by an exponentially decaying function with time. Period 1 began in June 2013 with slight extension, for which an inflation source was modeled at a depth of 3-8 km below sea level (bsl) and a volume change of 03-1.8 Mm(3). Seismicity in period 1 was marked by a notable increase in deep high frequency volcano tectonic earthquakes (VI's) beginning in July 2013 and shallow VTs in September 2013. Period 2 began in late October 2013 with accelerated extension, with at least 1 cm extension in the baseline length. During period 2 the modeled inflation source ascended to a shallower depth of 0.9 (0.4-2.1) km below sea level (bsl) beneath Sinabung with a change in volume of +0.39 ( + 0.18-+0.60) Mm(3), and with accelerated rates of volume increase during the time period when the magma migrated to the surface. Seismicity during period 2 was marked first by an increase in the incidence of shallow volcano-tectonic (VT) earthquakes and later by repetitive self-similar hybrid events as the magma migrated to the surface. Period 3 began in January 2014, after the appearance of the lava dome, and was marked by rapid steady contraction of similar to 3 cm through March 2014. The modeled source located at 8.4 (7.4-9.9) km bsl beneath the eastern flank of Sinabung with a volume change of -20.51 ( -26.89 to - 14.12) Mm(3). Period 4 began in April 2014 with decelerating contraction, and the modeled deformation center shifted to the northeast, reaching a depth of 12.2 (10.1-14.8) km bsl between Sinabung and Sibayak volcanoes and a change in volume of -88.26 (- 123.87 to - 52.66) Mm(3). Approximately 2/3 of the total volume change related to contraction occurred between January 2014 and May 2016, and the current activity of Sinabung is expected to decrease gradually and almost terminate in the early 2020s, assuming no new intrusion or deformation rate changes. Both of the eruptions at Sinabung in 2010 and Unzen in 1991-1995 show characteristics of ground inflation and subsequent deflation, indicating magma migration and effusion processes similar to the current Sinabung activity. The inflation before the 2010 Sinabung eruptions likely started before 2007 and is an indication of magma intrusion before the 2010 and 2013 eruptions. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V.
机译：我们分析了Sinabung的连续全球定位系统（GPS）数据，以捕获并模拟2013年6月至2016年1月爆发前和爆发前的岩浆活动。我们将这段时间分为四个明显变形的时期：两个伸展阶段之后是两个收缩阶段。使用网格搜索方法，我们确定了每个变形阶段Mogi源的位置和体积变化。收缩期间的累积体积变化通过随时间的指数衰减函数来近似。第1阶段于2013年6月开始，略有延长，为此，在海平面以下3-8 km的深度模拟了一个充气源，其体积变化为03-1.8 Mm（3）。第1阶段的地震活动以2013年7月开始的深部高频火山构造地震（VI's）和2013年9月的浅层VT显着增加为特征。第2阶段在2013年10月下旬开始加速扩展，在该阶段至少扩展了1 cm。基线长度。在第2阶段，模拟的通货膨胀源上升到锡那邦以下海平面（bsl）以下0.9（0.4-2.1）km的较浅深度，体积变化为+0.39（+ 0.18- + 0.60）Mm（3），并且在岩浆迁移到地表的时间段内，加速了体积的增加。第2阶段的地震活动特征首先是浅火山构造（VT）地震的发生率增加，然后是随着岩浆迁移到地表而发生的重复性自相似混合事件。第三阶段于2014年1月开始，出现在熔岩穹顶之后，直到2014年3月都以大约3厘米的速度快速稳定收缩。模型源位于锡纳邦东部侧面以下8.4（7.4-9.9）km bsl体积变化为-20.51（-26.89至-14.12）Mm（3）。第4阶段于2014年4月开始，随着收缩的减速，模拟的变形中心向东北移动，在Sinabung和Sibayak火山之间达到了12.2（10.1-14.8）km bsl的深度，其体积变化为-88.26（-123.87-- 52.66）Mm（3）。与收缩有关的总体积变化中约有2/3发生在2014年1月至2016年5月之间，假设没有新的侵入或变形速率变化，Sinabung当前的活动预计将逐渐减少并在2020年代初几乎终止。 2010年锡纳邦的喷发和1991-1995年的云仙喷发均显示出地面通货膨胀和随后的通缩的特征，表明岩浆迁移和积水过程类似于目前的锡纳蓬活动。 2010年锡纳邦火山爆发前的通货膨胀可能始于2007年之前，这表明2010年和2013年火山爆发之前岩浆侵入。 （C）2018爱思唯尔B.V.

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