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Geodynamics of Iceland and the signatures of plate spreading

机译:冰岛的地球动力学和板块扩散的特征

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Iceland, rising to more than 2 km above sea level, originates from the interaction of a mid-oceanic ridge and excessive mantle upwelling. The plate boundary between the North American and Eurasian plates traverses Iceland as a series of seismic and volcanic rift zones. The building blocks of the volcanic zones are about 32 volcanic systems, typically consisting of a central volcano often with a caldera and an associated fissure swarm(one or more). Recent revision of geometry and nature of the volcanic systems include new constraints on the fissure swarms of Western Volcanic Zone, and the one active in 2014-2015 associated to the Baroarbunga central volcano. Country-wide seismic network, and historical earthquake activity, shows that seismicity is most pronounced in transform zones in south and north Iceland, and at central volcanoes undergoing volcanic unrest. In a two year period 2015-2016, the most seismically active volcanoes were Katla and Baroarbunga. Measurements of ground deformation, using both GPS geodesy and interferometric analysis of synthetic aperture radar images acquired by satellites (InSAR) reveal well the present day plate spreading process in Iceland. Geodetically measured spreading rate across Iceland is consistent with global plate motion models (MORVEL2010: 18-19 mm/yr in direction N (100-105)degrees E), accommodated by a single rift zone in north Iceland, overlapping rifts in south Iceland, and a highly oblique rift on the Reykjanes Peninsula. Glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) in response to ice retreat since 1890 is an additional important processes on a regional scale in Iceland, responsible for rise of central part of Iceland of >30 mm/year. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译:冰岛上升到海拔2公里以上,源于大洋中脊和地幔上涌过多的相互作用。北美板块与欧亚板块之间的板块边界横穿冰岛,形成一系列地震和火山裂谷带。火山区的构造块是大约32个火山系统,通常由一个中央火山组成,通常带有一个破火山口和一个相关的裂隙群(一个或多个)。火山系统的几何形状和性质的最新修订包括对西部火山区裂隙群的新限制,以及在2014-2015年间与Baroarbunga中央火山相关的一个活动。全国范围的地震网络和历史地震活动表明,地震活动在冰岛南部和北部的转变带以及经历火山动荡的中央火山中最为明显。在2015年至2016年的两年中,地震活动最活跃的火山是Katla和Baroarbunga。利用GPS大地测量和对由卫星(InSAR)采集的合成孔径雷达图像的干涉分析,对地面变形的测量很好地揭示了当今冰岛的板块扩散过程。大地测量法测得的整个冰岛的散布速率与全球板块运动模型一致(MORVEL2010:在北(N-100-105)度方向上为18-19毫米/年),由冰岛北部的单个裂谷带,冰岛南部的裂谷重叠,以及雷克雅内斯半岛的高度倾斜裂谷。自1890年以来,针对冰川退缩的冰川等静压调整(GIA)是冰岛区域范围内的又一重要过程,导致冰岛中部地区每年增加30毫米以上。 (C)2018 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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  • 来源
    《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》 |2020年第1期|106436.1-106436.16|共16页
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    Univ Iceland Nordic Volcanol Ctr Nordvulk Inst Earth Sci Reykjavik Iceland;

    Univ Iceland Nordic Volcanol Ctr Nordvulk Inst Earth Sci Reykjavik Iceland|Natl Land Survey Iceland Akranes Iceland;

    Iceland Meteorol Off Reykjavik Iceland;

    GNS Sci Lower Hutt New Zealand;

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