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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research2012V243-244NOCT,15 >The Ilopango Tierra Blanca Joven (TBJ) eruption, El Salvador: Volcano-stratigraphy and physical characterization of the major Holocene event of Central America
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The Ilopango Tierra Blanca Joven (TBJ) eruption, El Salvador: Volcano-stratigraphy and physical characterization of the major Holocene event of Central America

机译：Ilopango Tierra Blanca Joven（TBJ）爆发，萨尔瓦多：火山 - 地层和中美主要全新世活动的地貌和物理特征

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The Ilopango caldera is the source of the large Tierra Blanca Joven (TBJ) eruption that occurred about 1.5 ka years ago, between ca. AD270 and AD535. The eruption dispersed volcanic ash over much of the present territory of El Salvador, and pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) extended 40 km from the volcano. In this study, we document the physical characteristics of the deposits from all over El Salvador to further constrain the eruption processes and the intensity and magnitude of the different phases of the eruption. The succession of deposits generated by the TBJ eruption is made of 8 units. The eruption started with PDCs of hydromagmatic origin (Unit A(0)), followed by fallout deposits (Units A and B) that are 15 cm thick and exposed in sections close to the Ilopango caldera (within 10-15 km). The eruption, then, transitioned into a regime that generated further PDCs (Units C-F), these range from dilute to dense and they filled the depressions near the llopango caldera with thicknesses up to 70 m. Deposits from the co-ignimbrite plume (Unit G) are the most widespread, the deposits are found in Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and the Pacific Ocean and cm-thick across El Salvador. Modelling of the deposits suggests that column heights were 29 km and 7 km for the first two fallout phases, and that the co-ignimbrite phoenix plume rose up to 49 km. Volumes estimated for the fallout units are 0.15, 0.8 and 16 km(3) dense rock equivalent (DRE) for Unit A, B and G respectively. The PDCs deposits volumes were estimated to be similar to 0.5, similar to 3.3, similar to 0.3 and similar to 9.1 km(3) DRE for Units C, D, E and F, respectively. The combined volume of TBJ deposits is similar to 30 km(3) DRE (similar to 58 km(3) bulk rock), indicating that it was one of largest Holocene eruptions from Central America. This eruption occurred while Mayan populations were living in the region and it would have had a significant impact on the areas within tens of kilometres of the vent for many years to decades after the eruption. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：IloPango Caldera是大型胎儿Blanca joven（TBJ）喷发的来源，在CA之间发生了大约1.5 ka年前。 AD270和AD535。在萨尔瓦多的大部分地区的喷发火山灰和掠过的火山灰和PDCLastic密度电流（PDC）距离火山延伸40公里。在这项研究中，我们将来自萨尔瓦多的所有沉积物的物理特性记录了沉积物，以进一步约束爆发的爆发过程和不同阶段的强度和大小。 TBJ喷发产生的沉积物的连续是由8个单位制成的。爆发开始于水管造影的PDC（单元A（0）），然后是厚沉积（单元A和B），其厚度<15cm厚并在接近Ilopango Caldera（10-15公里内）的部分暴露。然后，爆发转变为产生进一步PDC（单元C-F）的状态，这些范围从稀释到致密，它们填充了Llopango Caldera附近的凹陷，厚度高达70米。来自Co-Ignimbrite羽流（单位G）的存款是最普遍的，沉积物在危地马拉，洪都拉斯，尼加拉瓜，哥斯达黎加和太平洋和米尔·萨尔瓦多的CM厚。存款的建模表明，对于前两届出现阶段，柱高度为29公里，7公里，并且共同赤字凤凰羽流量高达49公里。用于外辐射单元的卷为0.15,0.8和16km（3）个单位A，B和G的致密岩相当（DRE）。估计PDCS沉积体积类似于0.5，类似于3.3，类似于0.3，类似于单位C，D，E和F的9.1km（3）RE。 TBJ矿床的组合体积类似于30公里（3）克（3）克（类似于58公里（3）块散装），表明它是来自中美洲最大的全新世爆发之一。这种爆发发生，而玛雅人居住在该地区，并且在喷发后几年到数十年的数十年来对发泄的几十多千克地区产生重大影响。 （c）2019 Elsevier B.v.保留所有权利。

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