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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research >Surface deformation and strike-slip faulting controlled by dyking and host rock lithology: A compendium from the Krafla Rift, Iceland
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Surface deformation and strike-slip faulting controlled by dyking and host rock lithology: A compendium from the Krafla Rift, Iceland

机译：通过染发和主岩岩体控制的表面变形和防滑断裂：冰岛克拉法拉裂谷的纲要

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In the present work, we have obtained a detailed, complete view of surface deformation at a volcano-tectonic structure belonging to the Krafla Fissure Swarm (NE Iceland), through the integration of field mapping and the Aerial Structure from Motion technique (ASIM), as well as through orthomosaics and Digital Surface Models (DSMs). The documented, 2.5-km-long deformation zone is marked by a range of features, such as topographic bulging, parallel extension fractures, and narrow grabens affected by local floor uplift, which we have explained as the effect of the northward, shallow propagation of a dyke from the Krafla magma chamber. Our lithostratigraphic field survey of the area, at a 1: 5000 scale, indicates that major changes in the pattern of surface deformation take place across the contacts between deposits with different theological properties. The transition from very stiff lavas to softer hyalodastites produces changes from extensional fracturing to normal faulting, though the width of the deformation zone does not change. We have also documented a number of NE-SW, left-lateral and NNW-SSE, right-lateral strike-slip fault zones that are rotated in clockwise and anticlockwise sense to the main NNE-SSW graben trend, and extend outwards as much as about 17 m. The graben zone terminates to the north by splitting into two strike-slip fault zones. These were likely generated at the front of the dyke tip during its propagation, and were later on bypassed by the advancement of the dyke. As the dyke entered the soft hyaloclastites, propagation was slowed down and the dyke became thicker. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：在目前的工作中，我们通过现场测绘和来自运动技术（ASIM）的空域结构，获得了属于Krafla Fisure Sharm（Ne Iceland）的火山构造结构的详细的，完整的表面变形视图。以及通过正交和数字表面模型（DSMS）。记录的2.5公里长的变形区标有一系列特征，如地形凸出，平行延伸骨折，受当地楼层隆起影响的狭窄Grabens，我们已经解释为北方，浅繁殖的效果来自Krafla岩浆室的堤坝。我们的LithoStratigraphic场调查，该地区为1：5000，表明表面变形模式的主要变化发生在具有不同神学特性的沉积物之间的触点上。从非常僵硬的熔岩到较软的透明岩的过渡产生从延伸压裂到正常断层的变化，尽管变形区的宽度不会改变。我们还记录了许多NE-SW，左侧和NNW-SSE，右侧防滑故障区，以顺时针和逆时针旋转到主要的NNE-SSW Graben趋势，并尽可能地延伸大约17米。通过分成两个防撞断层区，Graben区终止于北方。这些可能在传播期间在堤防尖端的前面产生，并且后来绕过堤坝的进步。随着堤坝进入柔软的透析性，繁殖被放缓，堤坝变厚。 （c）2020 Elsevier B.v.保留所有权利。

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