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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research >Constraining the landscape of Late Bronze Age Santorini prior to the Minoan eruption: Insights from volcanological, geomorphological and archaeological findings
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Constraining the landscape of Late Bronze Age Santorini prior to the Minoan eruption: Insights from volcanological, geomorphological and archaeological findings

机译：在Minoan Buluption之前制约晚期青铜时代Santorini的景观：来自火山学，地貌和考古发现的见解

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摘要

One of the best known places on Earth where volcanology meets archaeology and history is the volcanic island of Santorini (Thira), Greece. It is famous for the cataclysmic Late Bronze Age (Minoan) Plinian eruption which destroyed the Minoan culture that flourished on the island. Hosting a central, flooded caldera bay and, within that the active islands of Palaea and Nea Kameni, Santorini volcano has been the focus of international research efforts for over one and a half centuries. In this paper, we summarize recent findings and related ideas about the Minoan physiography of the island, also known as Strongyli, from a volcanological, geomorphological and archaeological point of view. As proposed as early as the 1980s, a central caldera bay existed prior to the Late Bronze Age. Probably characterised by a smaller size and located in the northern part of the present-day caldera, this earlier caldera bay was formed during the previous Plinian eruption - called Cape Riva eruption - c. 22,000 years ago. Within the caldera bay, a central island, Pre-Kameni, existed, named after the present-day Kameni Islands. High-precision radioisotopic dating revealed that Pre-Kameni started to grow c. 20,000 years ago. Whereas volcanologists have accepted and refined the caldera concept, archaeologists have generally favoured the theory of an exploded central cone instead of a pre-existing central caldera. However, analysis of the Flotilla Fresco, one of the wall paintings found in the Bronze Age settlement of Akrotiri, reveals the interior of a Late Bronze Age caldera that may be interpreted as a realistic landscape. Approximately 3600 years ago, the island of Strongyli was destroyed during the explosive VEI = 7 Minoan eruption. Pre-Kameni was lost by this eruption, but its scattered fragments, together with other parts of Strongyli, can be recovered as lithic clasts from the Minoan tuffs. On the basis of photo-statistics and granulometry of the lithic clasts contained in the Minoan tuffs, complemented by volumetric assessment of the erupted tephra and digital elevation model (DEM) analysis of alternative models for the pre-eruptive topography, the volume of Pre-Kameni can be constrained between 1.6 and 3.0 km(3), whereas the volume of the destroyed portion of the ring island of Strongyli between 9.1 and 17.1 km(3). Of these, the larger values are considered more realistic, and imply that most of the destroyed part of Strongyli was incorporated as lithic components in the Minoan tuffs, whereas up to 3 km(3) of Strongyli might have been downfaulted and sunken during caldera formation and is not accounted for in the Ethics. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
机译：火山学符合考古学和历史的地球上最着名的地方之一是希腊圣托里尼火山岛（锡尔）。它以古老的青铜年龄（MINOAN）推州而闻名，摧毁了在岛上蓬勃发展的MINOAN文化。托管中央淹水的火山口湾，在帕拉亚和德内亚·康梅尼的活跃群岛内，圣托里尼火山一直是国际研究努力超过一世纪的焦点。在本文中，我们总结了最近关于岛屿的Minoan Gooregraphy的发现和相关思考，也称为Strongyli，来自火山学，地貌和考古观点。正如早期为20世纪80年代所提出的，在青铜时代晚期存在中央火山口湾。这可能以较小的尺寸为特征，位于当今海湾北部的北部，本前早些时候的火山口湾在以前的普林省喷发期间形成 - 叫斗篷Riva Buluption - C。 22,000年前。在Caldera Bay，一个中央岛屿，前Kameni，存在，以当今Kameni群岛命名。高精度放射性同位素约会显示，kameni开始生长c。 20,000年前。虽然火山科学家已接受并提炼火山口概念，但考古学家通常有利于爆炸中央锥的理论而不是预先存在的中央火山口。然而，分析了弗拉塔壁画，其中一个墙上的墙绘，其中一个墙面绘画在Akrotiri的结算中发现，揭示了可能被解释为现实景观的后期青铜时代火山口的内部。大约3600年前，在爆炸性的vei = 7米诺爆发期间，Strongyli岛被摧毁。在这种爆发中失去了kameni，但它的散射片段与strongyli的其他部分一起可以作为米丹凝灰岩的岩石泥炭恢复。基于Minoan Tuffs中包含的岩石泥浆的光统计学和粒度测量，通过对预爆发形貌进行替代模型的次爆发和数字高度模型（DEM）分析的体积评估，对预发布地形的替代模型进行分析， Kameni可以受到约束1.6和3.0 km（3）之间，而环形岛的被毁灭部分的体积在​​9.1到17.1km（3）之间。其中，较大的值被认为是更加现实的，暗示大多数被摧毁的部位被纳入Minoan Tuffs中的岩石成分，而最多3公里（3）个Strongyli可能已经在Caldera形成期间沉降和沉没。并未在道德中占据。 （c）2020作者。由elsevier b.v出版。

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    《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》 |2020年第1期|106911.1-106911.13|共13页
  • 作者

    Karatson David; Telbisz Tamas; Gertisser Ralf; Strasser Thomas; Nomikou Paraskevi; Druitt Timothy; Vereb Viktor; Quidelleur Xavier; Kosik Szabolcs;

  • 作者单位

    Eotvos Lorand Univ Fac Sci Dept Phys Geog Budapest Hungary;

    Eotvos Lorand Univ Fac Sci Dept Phys Geog Budapest Hungary;

    Keele Univ Sch Geog Geol & Environm Keele Staffs England;

    Providence Coll Dept Art & Art Hist Providence RI 02918 USA;

    Natl & Kapodistrian Univ Athens Fac Geol & Geoenvironm Athens Greece;

    Univ Clermont Auvergne Lab Magmas & Volcans CNRS IRD Clermont Ferrand France;

    Eotvos Lorand Univ Fac Sci Dept Phys Geog Budapest Hungary|Univ Clermont Auvergne Lab Magmas & Volcans CNRS IRD Clermont Ferrand France;

    Univ Paris Saclay Univ Paris Sud CNRS GEOPS Orsay France;

    Massey Univ Inst Agr & Environm Volcan Risk Solut Palmerston North New Zealand;

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