Correcting the historical record for Kilauea Volcano's 1832,1868,and 1877 summit eruptions

Orr Tim R.; Hazlett Richard; DeSmither Liliana; Kauahikaua James; Gaddis Ben

摘要

Three fissure eruptions are known to have occurred along the northeastern edge of Kilauea's summit caldera in the 19th century-in the years 1832, 1868, and 1877. Modern portrayal of these eruptions on maps and in written sources indicates that the 1832 eruption was from a fissure on the side of the Poliokeawe scarp south of Byron Ledge, the 1868 eruption was from a fissure on the southern wall of Kilauea Iki Crater and fed a lava flow that covered the bottom of that crater, and the eruption in 1877 occurred on the floor of Keanakako?i Crater, as well as from a fissure of uncertain location on the east wall of the caldera below Byron Ledge. New geologic mapping and a review of historical documents and maps contradict these views. We find, instead, that: (1) the 1832 eruption discharged from a fissure on Byron Ledge (not Poliokeawe scarp), from another fissure on the southwestern wall of Kilauea Iki Crater, and from at least one fissure along the east side of Kilauea caldera below Byron Ledge; (2) the 1868 lava erupted through the floor of Kilauea Iki Crater, not from a fissure in its southwestern wall; and (3) the 1877 lava erupted from Kilauea Iki Crater's mid-wall fissure (until now believed to have opened in 1868), from the fissure previously assigned an 1832 date on Poliokeawe escarpment, and from a precisely relocated vent on the northeastern wall of the caldera. Finally, no conclusive first-hand accounts of the late 19th century eruption in Keanakakoi Crater were identified, leaving in doubt the often-inferred 1877 date for this event. Possible alternative dates include 1868,1879, and 1881. Published by Elsevier B.V.

机译：已知三个裂缝爆发发生在19世纪的基里亚峰会火山口东北边缘，于19世纪的19世纪，1868年，1868年和1877年。关于地图和书面来源的这些爆发的现代描绘表明1832年爆发来自一个在拜伦壁架南部的Poliokeawe围巾侧面的裂缝，1868年爆发是从基坑岛南墙上的一个裂缝，并喂养了熔岩流，覆盖了那个火山口的底部，1877年的喷发发生在地板上of keanakako？我的火山口，以及从拜伦壁架下方的火山口东墙上的一个不确定位置的裂缝。新地质映射和历史文件和地图的审查与这些观点相矛盾。相反，我们发现：（1）1832年爆发从拜伦壁架（不是Poliokeawe Scarp）的裂缝中排出，来自基里亚·伊克西岛的西南墙上的另一个裂缝，以及沿着Kilauea东侧的至少一个裂缝Caldera下面拜伦壁架; （2）1868年熔岩爆发了基尔岛Iki火山口的地板，而不是来自西南墙的裂缝; （3）1877年熔岩爆发了基尔奥岛宜家火山口的中墙裂缝（直到现在1868年），从裂缝之前分配了1832年关于Poliokeawe悬崖的日期，并从东北墙上精确地迁移发泄火山口。最后，没有确定19世纪后期的一定的第一手账户，在Keanakakoi火山口中被发现，疑惑常常推断出这一活动的日期。可能的替代日期包括1868,1879和1881年。由elestvier b.v发布。

Correcting the historical record for Kilauea Volcano's 1832,1868,and 1877 summit eruptions

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