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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of water resource and protection >Comparative Water Efficiency Analysis of Sole and Multiple Cropping Systems under Tunnel Farming in Punjab-Pakistan
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Comparative Water Efficiency Analysis of Sole and Multiple Cropping Systems under Tunnel Farming in Punjab-Pakistan

机译：Punjab-Pakistan隧道农业下唯一和多种种植系统的比较水效率分析

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摘要

Water scarcity is the growing concern of present times, requiring its efficient utilization deemed as necessity. Rapidly growing population has significantly exerted pressure on its demand, in Pakistan. In order to fulfill it, all factors of production are required to be used in the possibly most efficient way. Good quality and quantity of water are the growing concerns of producers in Pakistan and around the globe. The efficient water utilization is crucial to optimize the farm returns under the selected sole and multiple cropping systems. This study considered the water efficiency analysis of multiple and sole cropping systems, with the aim of finding out cropping patterns more efficient in terms of water utilization in Pakistan. In order to estimate the water efficiency analysis, the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is run to find out the water efficient cropping systems among sole and multiple cropping systems. The Tobit analysis is also used to find out the factors affecting the water efficiency of selected farms in the study area. The results of the study report an inefficient water usage in terms of irrigation, the inefficient use of water instigates the wastage of one of the most important as well as scarce farm inputs especially water, in case of multiple cropping system. Around 51% and 13% of water inefficiency are present under multiple and sole cropping systems, respectively. Basin irrigation is the method for irrigation, used by the farmers of the study area approximating to be 95% - 97%. It is one of the most conventional and least efficient methods of irrigation. Only 2.67 and 4.67 percent of farms were using the Furrow irrigation method, which is way more efficient and steady as compared to Basin irrigation method, respectively. It appears as a requirement that the most efficient methods regarding water application in Pakistan should be recognized. Lack of management in water application on both selected cropping systems resulted in over utilization of water and depletion of one of the fundamental natural resource. In order to overcome the inefficiency in water management, farmers' farming knowledge, adoption of new irrigation techniques, efficient application of inputs is needed.
机译：水资源稀缺性是日益增长的现在，需要其有效的利用被视为必要性。在巴基斯坦，人口迅速增长的人口对其需求具有显着的压力。为了实现它，所有生产因素都必须以最有效的方式使用。良好的品质和水量是巴基斯坦和全球生产商日益增长的问题。有效的水利用对于优化所选唯一和多种裁剪系统下的农场回报至关重要。本研究考虑了多种和唯一种植系统的水效分析，目的是在巴基斯坦的水利方面找出裁剪模式。为了估算水效率分析，运行数据包络分析（DEA）以找出鞋底和多种裁剪系统中的水有效的种植系统。 Tobit分析还用于了解影响研究区域所选农场水效的因素。研究结果报告了灌溉方面的效率低效，水的低效使用煽动最重要的浪费以及在多种种植系统的情况下，稀缺的农场投入尤其是水。在多个和唯一的种植系统下，占51％和13％的水低效率。盆地灌溉是用于灌溉的方法，由研究区域的农民使用近似为95％-97％。它是最常规和最不高效的灌溉方法之一。只有2.67和4.67％的农场采用沟灌法，与盆地灌溉方法相比，这是更高效稳定的。它看起来应确认有关巴基斯坦水应用的最有效方法。在两种选定的种植系统上缺乏管理缺乏管理，导致利用水和耗尽其中一个基本的自然资源。为了克服水管理的低效率，农民农业知识，采用新的灌溉技术，需要有效地应用投入。

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