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Risk Management of Cyanotoxins in Singapore

机译：新加坡氰毒素的风险管理

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摘要

Cyanotoxins produced by cyanobacteria pose significant challenges to water resource management due to the potential impacts they have on human health. Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) and microcystins (MC) are the more commonly detected cyanotoxins in Singapore's reservoirs. Among the MC congeners monitored locally, the most frequently detected variants are MC-RR (37.6%), followed by MC-LR (25.6%). MC-LA and MC-YR are the least frequently detected variants (7.1%). No cyanotoxins have been detected in Singapore's treated drinking water. Singapore's National Water Agency (PUB) and the National Environment Agency (NEA) developed recreational water quality guidelines using Chl α concentrations of 50 μg/L. In local surface waters, long-term data showed that at 50 μg/L of Chl α, MC-LR concentrations ranged from ＜0.025 μg/L to 1 μg/L. In addition to using Chl α concentrations, Microcystis cell counts in reservoir water have also been used to manage cyanotoxin risk in drinking water. Specifically, routinely monitored data from all 17 Singapore reservoirs indicated that to keep MC-LR concentrations below the WHO provisional guideline of 1 μg/L in drinking water, Microcystis cell counts needed to be ＜ 10,000 cells/ml. Culture experiments using local Microcystis isolates showed M. aeruginosa produced the most MC compared to M. ichthyoblabe, M. flos-aquae, and M. viridis. Based on the maximum toxin cell quota equivalent to the WHO provisional guideline for MC-LR of 1 μg/L in drinking water, a 5000 cells/ml cell count guideline was derived for M. aeruginosa. This cell count has also been incorporated into Singapore's cyanotoxin risk management framework for reservoirs.
机译：由于它们对人类健康的潜在影响，由Cyanobacteria产生的氰霉素对水资源管理产生了重大挑战。 CylindroSpermopsin（Cyn）和微囊藻（MC）是新加坡水库中越常见的氰霉素。在本地监测的MC同源物中，最常检测到的变体是MC-RR（37.6％），其次是MC-LR（25.6％）。 MC-LA和MC-YR是最常用的变种（7.1％）。在新加坡经过处理的饮用水中没有检测到氰毒素。新加坡的国家水机构（PUB）和国家环境局（NEA）开发了使用50μg/升的CHLα浓度的娱乐水质指导。在局部水域中，长期数据显示，在50μg/ L的CHLα中，MC-LR浓度范围为<0.025μg/ l至1μg/ l。除了使用CHLα浓度之外，水库水中的微囊囊细胞计数也被用来用于饮用水中的氰松辛风险。具体而言，来自所有17个新加坡储层的常规监测数据表明，为了使MC-LR浓度低于WHO临时指南的饮用水中的1μg/ L的临时指南，所需的微囊体细胞计数为<10,000个细胞/ ml。使用局部微阴压分离株的培养实验显示M.铜绿假单胞菌产生了最多的MC.与M. Ichthyoblabe，M.Flos-Aquae和M. Viridis相比产生了最多Mc。基于饮用水中1μg/ l的MC-LR的世卫组织临时指南的最大毒素细胞配额，衍生5000个细胞/ mL细胞计数指南，用于M.铜绿假单胞菌。该细胞计数也已纳入新加坡的氰松毒风险管理框架，用于水库。

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  • 来源
    《Journal of water resource and protection》 |2020年第6期|512-525|共14页
  • 作者

    Mong Hoo Lim; Hui Shi Melissa Tay; Denise A. Devotta; Maxine A. D. Mowe; Simon M. Mitrovic;

  • 作者单位

    Water Quality Department Public Utilities Board (PUB) Singapore;

    Water Quality Department Public Utilities Board (PUB) Singapore;

    Water Quality Department Public Utilities Board (PUB) Singapore;

    Freshwater and Invasion Biology Laboratory Department of Biological Science National University of Singapore (NUS) Singapore;

    Freshwater and Invasion Biology Laboratory Department of Biological Science National University of Singapore (NUS) Singapore Freshwater and Estuarine Research Group School of Life Sciences University of Technology Sydney Sydney Australia;

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  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Chlorophyll-α; Cyanobacteria; Cyanotoxins; Nutrients; Tropical;

    机译：叶绿素-α;蓝藻;青紫毒素;营养素;热带;

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