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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of water resource and protection >Spatial Variation of Nutrient Concentrations (NH_4~+ and Cl~-) in the Dudhkoshi River Basin, Sagarmatha National Park, Nepal
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Spatial Variation of Nutrient Concentrations (NH_4~+ and Cl~-) in the Dudhkoshi River Basin, Sagarmatha National Park, Nepal

机译：Dudhkoshi River河流域营养浓度（NH_4〜+和CL〜）的空间变异，尼泊尔

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摘要

The Sagarmatha National Park (SNP) in Nepal is home to unique natural beauty and cultural significance. While the SNP has a relatively small local population, it has drawn thousands of visitors since Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay reached the peak of Mt Everest in 1953. Importantly, the tourists and their concurrently generated refuse have caused massive anthropogenic pressure with serious environmental consequences for the unique SNP and SNP Buffer Zone ecosystems. This study aimed to understand the spatial variation of nutrient concentrations in stream water and drinking water (primarily shallow springs) using analyses of nitrogen as NH_4~+ and chlorine (Cl~-) concentrations. Sampling occurred in April 2017 during the pre-monsoon dry season in the upper Dudhkoshi River Basin, SNP. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (NH_4~-) concentrations in both drinking water and stream water were low with average concentrations in drinking water of 0.016 mg/L (±0.010) and 0.033 mg/L (±0.031) in stream water. Similarly, Cl~- concentrations were also low with average concentrations of 0.185 mg/L (±0.045) and 0.124 mg/L (±0.051) in stream and drinking water, respectively. Importantly, nitrogen in stream waters exhibits a decreasing trend with altitude whereas Cl~- values decrease with altitude in both drinking water and streams. The observed spatial variations of nitrogen and chlorine concentrations are attributed primarily to the significant variations in land use/land cover from the highest portions of the drainage basin to the lowest elevations, which are outside of the SNP boundary and therefore allow more agricultural development. Our results demonstrated that although the quality of stream water in the upper reach of Dudhkoshi River Basin meets WHO standards for drinking water, there is significant surface water contamination in the form of agricultural run-off. These results will provide base-line data for further studies and will help to improve understanding of the relationship between land use/land cover and water quality in the region.
机译：尼泊尔的Sagarmatha国家公园（SNP）是独特的自然美和文化意义的所在地。虽然SNP具有相对较小的当地人口，但由于Edmund Hillary和Tenzing Norgay于1953年达到了MT珠穆朗玛峰的峰值以来，它已经吸引了数千名游客。重要的是，游客及其同时生成的垃圾引起了巨大的人为压力，具有严重的环境后果唯一的SNP和SNP缓冲区生态系统。本研究旨在使用氮作为NH_4〜+和氯（Cl〜 - ）浓度的氮气分析来了解流水和饮用水（主要浅弹簧）中营养浓度的空间变化。在2017年4月期间发生了抽样，在户外冬季旱地河流盆地，SNP。饮用水和流水中的溶解无机氮（NH_4〜 - ）浓度低，饮用水的平均浓度为0.016mg / L（±0.010）和0.033mg / L（±0.031）的流水中。类似地，Cl〜 - 浓度也低，平均浓度为0.185mg / L（±0.045）和物流和饮用水中的0.124mg / L（±0.051）。重要的是，流水中的氮气呈现较低的趋势，而Cl〜 - 值在饮用水和流中的高度下降。观察到的氮和氯浓度的空间变化主要归因于从排水盆的最高部分到最低仰角的土地使用/陆地覆盖的显着变化，它们在SNP边界之外，因此允许更多的农业发展。我们的结果表明，虽然Dudhkoshi River盆地上游的流水质量达到了饮用水标准，但由于农业越野的形式存在显着的地表水污染。这些结果将为进一步研究提供基线数据，并有助于改善该地区土地使用/陆地覆盖与水质之间关系的理解。

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