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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of water resource and protection >St. Lawrence Seaway: Western Great Lakes Basin
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St. Lawrence Seaway: Western Great Lakes Basin

机译：圣劳伦斯海威：西部大湖盆地

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The St. Lawrence Seaway connects Lake Superior, Lake Huron, Lake Michigan, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario to the Atlantic Ocean. The lakes and connecting rivers, St. Mary's, St. Claire, Detroit, Niagara and St. Lawrence, have been a major artery for transportation, migration and trade. The Menominee River flows into Green Bay and Lake Michigan and connects to the St. Lawrence Seaway. The Great Lakes have been sailed for trading and commercial purposes since at least the 17th century. Approximately 6000 ships have sunk killing more than 30,000 sailors and passengers. Cold Canadian winds over the three Western Great Lakes pick up moisture when the lakes are not yet frozen and create snow belts in the states of Wisconsin, Michigan and in Ontario, Canada. The Western Great Lakes moderate the seasonal temperatures as they absorb heat and cool the air in the summer. The lakes radiate heat in the fall. This temperature buffering creates fruit belts further north of where the fruit is traditionally grown. During the 1950s and 1960s all of the Agent Blue, the arsenic containing herbicide used in Vietnam War, was manufactured on the banks of the Menominee River by the Ansul Company at Mari-nette, Wisconsin. The groundwater and the river bottom are now heavily contaminated with arsenic compounds that were released from 1957 to 1977 by Ansul as a result of the manufacture of the herbicide. The linkage of Lake Michigan to the Mississippi River has allowed Chicago's wastewater to be disposed of into the tributaries of the Illinois River and Mississippi River to avoid contaminating Lake Michigan the source of Chicago's drinking water. An unintended consequence of linking the Western Great Lakes basin with the Mississippi River basin was the creation of the wet pathway (Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal) through which the flying Asian carp is trying to use to get into the Great Lakes. An electric fish barrier was constructed on the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal in an attempt to prevent the carp from migrating into Lake Michigan, the Great Lakes basin and the St. Lawrence Seaway. The Western Great Lakes shorelines are actively eroding partly as a consequence of the high surface water levels. In June of 2020 Lake Michigan, Lake St. Claire and Lake Huron experienced the highest water level ever recorded since the 1800s. The high risk erosion areas are retreating at the average rate of 30 cm per year for the last 15 years. Planned urban development in a high risk area helps to prevent the loss of buildings. Locating structures back from lake bluffs promotes natural shorelines and reduces the need for engineered shore protection. Erosion of the sediment under the Mackinac Bridge and pipeline has occurred. The pipeline which carries 87 million liters of oil per day between Sarnia, Ontario and Superior, Wisconsin is at risk.
机译：圣劳伦斯海路连接湖泊高级，休伦，密歇根湖，伊利湖和安大略湖到大西洋。湖泊和连接河流，圣玛丽，圣克莱尔，底特律，尼亚加拉和圣劳伦斯，一直是运输，移民和贸易的主要动脉。 Menominee河流进入绿湾和密歇根湖，连接到圣劳伦斯海威。自从至少17世纪以来，伟大的湖泊已经为交易和商业目的而航行。大约6000艘船只沉没杀死30,000多名水手和乘客。当湖泊尚未冷冻并在加拿大安大略省，在威斯康星州和安大略省，在湖泊尚未冷冻并在加拿大安大略省创造雪带时，冷加器在三个西方大湖泊上捡起水分。西方大湖在夏天吸收热量并冷却空气时，适度季节性温度。湖泊在秋天辐射热量。这种温度缓冲在传统上生长的果实北方进一步创造了水果皮带。在20世纪50年代和20世纪60年代，所有的药物蓝色，含有在越南战争中使用的除草剂的砷，在威斯康星州Mari-Nette的Ansul公司的Menominee河畔制造。地下水和河流现在严重污染了砷化合物，其由ANSUL从1957年到1977年被释放为除草剂的结果。密歇根湖与密西西比河的联系允许芝加哥废水处理到伊利诺伊州河流和密西西比河的支流中，以避免污染密歇根湖芝加哥饮用水的来源。与密西西比河流域联系起来的西方大湖盆地的意外后果是创造了湿途径（芝加哥卫生和船舶运河），飞行亚洲鲤鱼试图用来进入大湖泊。在芝加哥卫生和船舶运河上建造了一条电鱼屏障，试图防止鲤鱼迁移到密歇根湖，伟大的湖泊盆地和圣劳伦斯海路。由于高表面水平的后果，西方大湖泊海岸线主要侵蚀。 2020年6月，Michigan Lake Michigan，圣克莱尔湖和休尔湖经历了自19世纪以来历史最高的水位。高风险侵蚀区域在过去的15年里，每年平均速度为30厘米。在高风险区域的计划城市发展有助于防止建筑物的损失。从湖湖面上找到结构促进自然海岸线并降低了对工程岸边保护的需求。发生了麦克风桥和管道下沉积物的侵蚀。威斯康星州在萨尼亚，安大略省和优越之间每天携带8700万升油的管道处于危险之中。

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