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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management >Real-Time Guidance for Hydrant Flushing Using Sensor-Hydrant Decision Trees
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Real-Time Guidance for Hydrant Flushing Using Sensor-Hydrant Decision Trees

机译：使用传感器消火栓决策树进行消火栓冲洗的实时指导

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摘要

A utility may detect contaminant in a water distribution network through water quality sensor information, which indicates that a biological pathogen or chemical contaminant is present in the network. A utility manager should identify actions that can be taken to protect public health, and flushing a contaminant by opening a set of hydrants can be an effective response action. Hydrants should be selected and timed to flush the contaminant; however, accurately ascertaining the characteristics of the contaminant source may be impossible, which creates difficulties in developing a hydrant flushing strategy. This research develops a decision-making approach that is designed to select hydrant flushing strategies in response to sensor activations and does not require information about the characteristics of the contaminant source. A sensor-hydrant decision tree is introduced to provide a library of rules for opening and closing hydrants based on the order of activated sensors. Sensor-hydrant decision trees are developed for a wide range of contaminant events using a simulation-optimization methodology. Potential contamination events are generated using Monte Carlo simulation and are simulated using a water distribution system model. Events are classified based on the order of the activation of water quality sensors in the network, and a noisy genetic algorithm is used to identify hydrant strategies for each class of events. Three sensor-hydrant decision trees are developed to represent risky, risk-averse, and adaptive management strategies. A risk-averse strategy specifies immediate actions to achieve average performance over many events. A risky strategy specifies specialized actions based on the prediction of the plume movement or a decision to wait to receive more information. An adaptive strategy specifies the actions for opening hydrants as each sensor is activated. An adaptive approach does not require predictions of the plume movement, but may result in lower performance due to delays in taking actions. The methodology is demonstrated to develop sensor-hydrant decision trees for a virtual midsized municipality, Mesopolis.
机译：公用事业公司可以通过水质传感器信息检测配水网络中的污染物，这表明该网络中存在生物病原体或化学污染物。公用事业经理应确定可以采取的保护公众健康的措施，而通过打开一组消防栓冲洗污染物是一种有效的应对措施。应选择消防栓并定时冲洗污染物；但是，准确确定污染物源的特性可能是不可能的，这给制定消火栓冲洗策略带来了困难。这项研究开发了一种决策方法，旨在根据传感器的激活来选择消火栓冲洗策略，并且不需要有关污染物源特性的信息。引入了传感器消火栓决策树，以基​​于激活的传感器的顺序提供用于打开和关闭消火栓的规则库。使用模拟优化方法为各种污染物事件开发了传感器消火栓决策树。潜在的污染事件是使用Monte Carlo模拟生成的，并使用水分配系统模型进行了模拟。根据网络中水质传感器的激活顺序对事件进行分类，并且使用嘈杂的遗传算法来识别每种事件类型的消防栓策略。开发了三个传感器消火栓决策树来代表风险，规避风险和自适应管理策略。规避风险的策略指定立即采取的措施，以在许多事件中实现平均绩效。风险策略会根据羽流的预测或等待接收更多信息的决策来指定专门的操作。自适应策略指定了激活每个传感器时打开消防栓的动作。自适应方法不需要预测羽流，但是由于采取动作的延迟，可能导致性能降低。演示了该方法为虚拟中型城市Mesopolis开发传感器消火栓决策树。

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