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首页> 外文期刊>JSAH: Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians >Modernism as Postnationalist Politics: Muzharul Islam's Faculty of Fine Arts (1953-56)
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Modernism as Postnationalist Politics: Muzharul Islam's Faculty of Fine Arts (1953-56)

机译：作为后民族主义政治的现代主义：穆扎鲁·伊斯兰教的美术学院（1953-56）

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After completing his bachelor of architecture degree at the University of Oregon in June 1952, Muzharul Islam (1923-2012) returned home to a postcolonial Pakistan embroiled in acrimonious politics of national identity (Figure 1). The fragility of the pan-Islamic polity that sought to consolidate the impossible geography of Pakistan was evident. The religion-based division of the Indian subcontinent into India and Pakistan was intended to create separate domains for Hindus and Muslims, respectively.2 Yet Muslim Pakistan was already in trouble soon after the 1947 Partition. The newly minted country's two regions—East and West Pakistan, separated by 1,000 miles of Indian territory—clashed over their asymmetrical power relationship, their different languages, and, most of all, their conflicting attitudes regarding the intersection of their divergent ethnicities and Islamic nationalism (Figure 2).3 The country's political power was centered in West Pakistan, and this lopsided power structure was further exacerbated by ideological differences. The ruling elites of West Pakistan embraced a brand of political Islam that they believed would not only work as an ideological buffer against the perceived threat of Hindu-majority India but also unify the different ethnic groups of Pakistan with an overarching Islamist spirit. This state policy alienated many secular-minded leaders, intellectuals, and professionals in East Pakistan, who were drawn more to a mediating relationship between humanist Bengali tradition and faith than to greater Pakistan's Islamic nationalism.4
机译：Muzharul伊斯兰教（1923-2012）在1952年6月于俄勒冈大学获得建筑学士学位后，回到了饱受民族认同之争的后殖民时期巴基斯坦（图1）。旨在巩固巴基斯坦不可能的地理环境的泛伊斯兰政体的脆弱性显而易见。印度次大陆以宗教为基础的划分为印度和巴基斯坦，旨在分别为印度教徒和穆斯林创建单独的领土。2然而，巴基斯坦穆斯林在1947年分区之后不久就已陷入困境。这个新造的国家的两个地区-东巴基斯坦和西巴基斯坦，相距1000英里的印度领土-因其不对称的权力关系，不同的语言以及最重要的是他们对不同种族和伊斯兰民族主义交汇的态度而发生冲突（图2）.3该国的政治权力集中在西巴基斯坦，而这种意识形态差异进一步加剧了这种不平衡的权力结构。西巴基斯坦的统治精英拥护一种政治伊斯兰品牌，他们认为这不仅可以作为思想上的缓冲带，以抵御印度教徒占多数的印度的威胁，而且还可以将巴基斯坦的不同族群以全面的伊斯兰精神统一起来。这项国家政策疏远了东巴基斯坦许多世俗化的领导人，知识分子和专业人士，他们更多地是出于人道主义的孟加拉人传统与信仰之间的中介关系，而不是更大的巴基斯坦伊斯兰民族主义。4

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