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Developing a lake management strategy by dovetailing lake monitoring with paleolimnological techniques: a case study from a kettle lake on the Oak Ridges Moraine (Ontario, Canada)

机译:通过将湖泊监测与古湖泊学技术相结合来制定湖泊管理策略:以Oak Ridges Moraine(加拿大安大略省)的一个水壶湖为例

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摘要

In response to concerns about declining water quality, increased aquatic plant biomass, and harmful algal blooms, a lake monitoring program was undertaken on a suburban kettle lake near Toronto, Canada. We identified environmental conditions consistent with eutrophication, and the largest source of phosphorus (P) loading was from sediment release during an extended period of low dissolved oxygen during thermal stratification of the water column. To put these current environmental conditions in perspective, account for long-term limnological trends, and develop a sustainable lake management strategy, we also undertook paleolimnological analysis of a sediment core. Using diatoms as proxy indicators, historic limnological conditions were reconstructed. Although pre-European settlement conditions were typical of lakes with forested catchments in this region, the lake was mesotrophic (total phosphorus [TP] similar to 17.5 mu g/L), likely from P bound to dissolved organic carbon. P concentrations increased with the use of chemical fertilizers and establishment of seasonal lakeside cottages and resorts starting in the 1920s (the beginning of the diatom-inferred (DI-) TP upward trend). With the conversion of these cottages into year-round homes (since 1960) and further urbanization of the catchment, including servicing with municipal water supply but continued reliance on septic tanks, P has increased further (TP similar to 26.1 mu g/L). For restoration to a sustainable state, methods of preventing sediment P release (capping the sediment surface or oxygenation of the hypolimnion) should be considered, along with installation of municipal wasterwater servicing and stewardship projects to prevent further P loading from septic systems and surface runoff.
机译:为了应对人们对水质下降,水生植物生物量增加以及有害藻类繁殖的担忧,在加拿大多伦多附近的一个郊区水壶湖上实施了湖泊监测计划。我们确定了与富营养化相符的环境条件,并且磷(P)负载的最大来源是在水柱热分层过程中长期低溶解氧下的沉积物释放。为了正确看待这些当前的环境条件,考虑长期的湖泊趋势,并制定可持续的湖泊管理策略,我们还对沉积物核心进行了古湖泊分析。使用硅藻作为替代指标,重建了历史的岩性条件。尽管在该地区具有森林集水区的湖泊具有典型的欧洲前沉降条件,但该湖泊是中营养的(总磷[TP]类似于17.5μg / L),很可能是由于P与溶解的有机碳结合而成。磷的含量随着使用化学肥料的使用以及从1920年代开始(硅藻推断的(DI-)TP上升趋势的开始)而建立的季节性湖边小屋和度假村而增加。随着这些农舍改建为常年使用的房屋(自1960年起),集水区进一步城市化,包括为市政供水服务,但继续依赖化粪池,P进一步增加(TP约为26.1克/升)。为了恢复到可持续的状态,应考虑采用防止沉积物磷释放的方法(覆盖沉积物表面或次石灰的氧合作用),以及安装市政污水服务和管理项目,以防止化粪池系统和地表径流进一步吸收磷。

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