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Long-term irreversible changes in a lake ecosystem affected by the Indian Ocean Tsunami

机译：受印度洋海啸影响的湖泊生态系统的长期不可逆转的变化

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This study focused on ecosystem responses to the environmental perturbations caused by the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami in a small lake that was a freshwater body in 1996, prior to the tsunami. The physicochemical and biological characteristics of Kokilamedu Lake (KKM) revealed drastic changes, compared with pretsunami conditions. Monthly average observations on water quality indicated the electrical conductivity of the water increased steeply to 17.41 mS cm~(-1) in 2009, from the lowest pretsunami value of 1.83 mS cm~(-1) (range of 1.83-5.25 mS cm~(-1)). Simultaneously, the nitrate + nitrite (NO_3 + NO_2) values increased significantly from 0.49 μmol L~(-1) in 1996 to 74.47 μmol L~(-1) in 2006. Silicate (SiO_4-Si) exhibited a dramatic increase in concentration, from an average of 64.87 μmol L~(-1) in the pretsunami period to 309.71 μmol L~(-1) the post-tsunami period (2009-2010). Inorganic phosphate had increased to a maximum of 9.59 μmol L~(-1) from a pretsunami maximum of 1.09 μmol L~(-1). The chlorophyll-α concentrations did not respond to the increased nutrient stoichiometry of the lake. There was a decreased chlorophyll-α concentration under post-tsunami conditions. The recent infilling of the lake with sediment during the tsunami, associated with wind-driven resuspension reduced the light penetration. There was a significant improvement in dissolved oxygen concentrations (2006-2010 average of 8.27 mg L~(-1)) in the lake, however, compared with the pretsunami values (1994-1995 average of 5.94 mg L~(-1)). The algal component is now dominated by blue-green algae, while green algae had dominated in the pretsunami period. Pre- and post-tsunami observations from a control site did not exhibit such dramatic shifts from the 1995 and 1996 conditions, whereas a shift was apparent in the case of KKM. Certain marine fishes have adapted to this altered ecosystem. These marine species encountered (Elops machnata, Cociella punctata, Sphyraena jello, Platycephalus indicus, Glossogobius giuris) might have been recruited during the intrusion of the tsunami waves.
机译：这项研究的重点是生态系统对2004年印度洋海啸在一个小湖中引起的环境扰动的响应，该小湖在1996年海啸之前是一个淡水体。与海啸前的状况相比，科基拉穆杜湖（KKM）的理化和生物学特征显示出剧烈的变化。对水质的每月平均观测表明，2009年水的电导率从海啸前的最低值1.83 mS cm〜（-1）（范围为1.83-5.25 mS cm〜）急剧增加到17.41 mS cm〜（-1）。 （-1））。同时，硝酸盐+亚硝酸盐（NO_3 + NO_2）值从1996年的0.49μmolL〜（-1）显着增加到2006年的74.47μmolL〜（-1）。硅酸盐（SiO_4-Si）的浓度显着增加，从海啸前的平均水平64.87μmolL〜（-1）到海啸后的平均水平309.71μmolL〜（-1）（2009-2010）。无机磷酸盐从海啸前的最大值1.09μmolL〜（-1）增加到最大值9.59μmolL〜（-1）。叶绿素-α的浓度对湖泊养分化学计量的增加没有反应。海啸后，叶绿素-α浓度降低。在海啸期间，最近的湖泊中充满了沉积物，这与风力驱动的悬浮有关，从而降低了光线的穿透率。然而，与海啸前的值（1994-1995年平均为5.94 mg L〜（-1））相比，湖中的溶解氧浓度有了显着改善（2006-2010年平均为8.27 mg L〜（-1））。 。藻类成分现在主要由蓝绿色藻类组成，而绿藻则在海啸前占主导地位。与1995年和1996年的情况相比，从控制地点进行的海啸之前和之后的观察结果没有显示出如此剧烈的变化，而在KKM情况下，这种变化是显而易见的。某些海水鱼类已经适应了这种变化的生态系统。在海啸入侵期间，可能会招募到这些遇到的海洋物种（E 、,皮，小叶藻，印度侧柏，Glossogobius giuris）。

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