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首页> 外文期刊>Lakes & Reservoirs >An overview of the current status of Lake Victoria fishery: Opportunities, challenges and management strategies
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An overview of the current status of Lake Victoria fishery: Opportunities, challenges and management strategies

机译：维多利亚湖渔业现状概述：机遇，挑战和管理策略

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Lake Victoria is African's most important source of inland fishery production, exhibiting an annual catch of ≈500 000 mt. The lake moderates local climate, serves as a means of transport, and a source of human food and raw material for the fishmeal industry. The introduction of Nile perch transformed the fisheries from a locally based artisanal fishery to a national and international capital investment industry. The fisheries produce an annual income of $US 600 million, providing employment opportunities for over 3 million people. Although the benefits of transforming the fishery of Lake Victoria appear to be quite remarkable, the negative impacts of this development are even more dramatic. Several challenges face the lake fishery, including environmental degradation, the introduction of exotic species, overfishing, and a fish export ban. Nutrients inputs into the lake have resulted in eutrophication and increased algal blooms. Deteriorated water quality and increased anoxia have caused the displacement and decline of some fish species. Exotic tilapiines have hybridized, displacing the indigenous fish species. Nile perch predation has caused the disappearance of once abundant native fish species. The once complex food web is now dominated by Nile perch. Unhygienic fishing methods have led to several fish export bans, while water hyacinth invasion in the lake has affected water quality, fishing and transportation possibilities. The current top-down management and use of different regulations by the riparian states have been a major drawback to sustainable management of the lake. There is a need for a paradigm shift, in which the lake is considered to be one ecosystem and relevant stakeholders are involved in the decision-making process.
机译：维多利亚湖是非洲内陆渔业生产的最重要来源，每年的捕捞量约为50万吨。该湖缓和了当地的气候，是运输工具，也是鱼粉工业人类食物和原材料的来源。尼罗河鲈鱼的引进使渔业从当地的手工渔业转变为国家和国际资本投资行业。渔业的年收入为6亿美元，为300万人提供了就业机会。尽管改造维多利亚湖渔业的好处看似非常显着，但这种发展的负面影响更为显着。湖泊渔业面临若干挑战，包括环境恶化，引进外来物种，过度捕捞和禁止鱼类出口。向湖中输入的营养物导致了富营养化和藻华的增加。水质恶化和缺氧增加导致某些鱼类的迁徙和减少。外来罗非鱼已经杂交，取代了本地鱼类。尼罗河鲈鱼的捕食已经使曾经丰富的本地鱼类消失了。曾经复杂的食物网现在被尼罗河鲈鱼所控制。不卫生的捕鱼方法导致了几条鱼类出口禁令，而水葫芦在湖中的入侵影响了水质，捕鱼和运输的可能性。沿岸国家目前的自上而下的管理和使用不同法规一直是湖泊可持续管理的主要弊端。需要进行范式转换，在该转换中，湖泊被视为一个生态系统，相关利益相关者参与了决策过程。

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