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首页> 外文期刊>Lakes & Reservoirs >Differentiating the natural and man-made terraces of Lake Van, Eastern Anatolia, utilizing earth science methods
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Differentiating the natural and man-made terraces of Lake Van, Eastern Anatolia, utilizing earth science methods

机译：利用地球科学方法区分东安纳托利亚范湖的天然和人造梯田

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The Fertile Crescent of the Middle East region, embracing Syria, eastern Turkey and Iraq, marks the region where settled agriculture began, and where the landscape has been shaped for millennia by human activities. The lacustrine and fluvial terraces of the Late Pleistocene and Holocene Eras are common geomorphic features in many areas around Lake Van in eastern Turkey, being sustainably used since the Urartian Period (800-400 years bc). Fluctuations in the water levels of Lake Van have resulted in the development of widely distributed natural terraces around the Lake. The undulating slopes of these terraces have limited their cultivation, however, leading people to reconstruct terraces as a means for utilizing particular production sites, as anthroscapes (this concept is generally confined to situations where marked differences or deviations from the normal, natural landscapes are attributable to effects/shaping by humans). The region exhibits semiarid climatic conditions and a short crop-growing season, currently being under the threat of land degradation. Recent mismanagement of these lands as a result of increasing population pressures has led to the degradation of both the natural and the man-made terraces. Thus, there is an urgent need to conserve and understand the indigenous management and soil quality attributes of these man-made terraces. To this end, this study examined soil profiles and analysed soil samples for their chemical, physical and mineralogical characteristics, in order to determine the human effects of leaching and/or accumulation. These analyses revealed significant differences between the physical, chemical, microbiological and mineralogical properties of the man-made/reworked terraces and natural terraces under essentially similar parent materials and environment, thereby providing clues as to the sustainable management of these land surfaces in eastern Turkey. The approaches used in this study provide useful evidence for attempting to explain the historical evolution of land use in similar environments elsewhere, as well as the significance of terraces in combating coastal erosion in lake environments.
机译：包围叙利亚，土耳其东部和伊拉克的中东地区的肥沃新月标志着该地区开始了定居农业，并且人类活动已经使这里形成了几千年的景观。晚更新世和全新世时代的湖相和河流阶地是土耳其东部范湖周围许多地区的常见地貌特征，自乌拉尔时代（公元前800-400年）以来一直得到可持续利用。范湖水位的波动导致了湖周围分布广泛的自然梯田的发展。这些阶地起伏的斜坡限制了它们的耕种，但是，导致人们重建阶地作为利用特定生产场所的手段，如人为景观（该概念通常仅限于与正常自然景观明显差异或偏离的情况。影响/塑造人类）。该地区表现为半干旱气候条件，作物生长季节短，目前正面临土地退化的威胁。由于人口压力的增加，最近这些土地的管理不善导致自然和人造梯田的退化。因此，迫切需要保护和了解这些人造梯田的土著管理和土壤质量属性。为此，本研究检查了土壤剖面并分析了土壤样品的化学，物理和矿物学特征，以确定淋溶和/或积累对人类的影响。这些分析表明，在基本相似的母体材料和环境下，人工/翻新阶地和天然阶地的物理，化学，微生物和矿物学性质之间存在显着差异，从而为土耳其东部这些土地表面的可持续管理提供了线索。本研究中使用的方法为试图解释其他地方类似环境中土地利用的历史演变以及梯田在抵抗湖泊环境中海岸侵蚀方面的意义提供了有用的证据。

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