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Sustainable fisheries management in the Great Lakes: Scientific and operational challenges

机译：大湖区的可持续渔业管理：科学和业务挑战

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Fisheries managers seek to sustain Great Lakes' fish populations in a large, complex lake-watershed ecosystem responding to often competing issues: non-indigenous species, resource allocation and environmental quality. Within the past 200 years, human activity has caused dramatic changes in the character of this ecosystem. Before the 1900s, the offshore fish communities in each of the Great Lakes were dominated by the piscivorous lake trout and burbot. The current fish fauna of the Great Lakes' basin includes 179 species representing 29 families in 18 orders and two classes of fish. Twenty-five non-indigenous fish species have established populations in the Great Lakes' ecosystem. Sustainable management of Great Lakes' fisheries depends on social, economic and ecological factors. Hundreds of millions of dollars are spent annually to protect and preserve Great Lakes' fisheries and their associated ecosystems. Management of Great Lakes' fisheries on a species-by-species basis is pointless. Recreational fishing provides larger economic benefits on the Great Lakes, compared to commercial fisheries. Further, quota management, even when practiced at levels well below maximum sustainable yield, does not lead to stable fish communities. Management will be constrained more by ecological reality than by economic forces, but ultimately a managed system comprised of both indigenous and non-indigenous fishes is a logical objective.
机译：渔业管理者寻求在一个大型，复杂的湖泊流域生态系统中维持五大湖的鱼类种群，以应对经常竞争的问题：非本地物种，资源分配和环境质量。在过去的200年中，人类活动已导致该生态系统的特征发生了巨大变化。在1900年代之前，每个大湖的近海鱼类群落以食鱼性鳟鱼和Burbot为主。大湖流域目前的鱼类区系包括179种，分别代表18目29个科和两种鱼类。 25个非本地鱼类在大湖区生态系统中已建立种群。大湖区渔业的可持续管理取决于社会，经济和生态因素。每年花费数亿美元来保护和维护大湖区的渔业及其相关的生态系统。对大湖地区的渔业进行逐种管理是没有意义的。与商业性渔业相比，休闲捕鱼在五大湖地区提供了更大的经济利益。此外，即使实行的配额管理水平远低于最大可持续产量，也无法建立稳定的鱼类群落。管理将更多地受到生态现实的约束，而不是受到经济力量的约束，但最终，由土著和非土著鱼类组成的受管系统是一个合理的目标。

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