• 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史
首页> 外文期刊>Lakes & Reservoirs >Analytical techniques for monitoring harmful cyanobacteria in lakes
【24h】

Analytical techniques for monitoring harmful cyanobacteria in lakes

机译：监测湖泊中有害蓝细菌的分析技术

获取原文
获取原文并翻译 | 示例
           
页面导航
  • 摘要
  • 著录项
  • 相似文献
  • 相关主题

摘要

The toxins of cyanobacteria include potent neurotoxins and hepatotoxins. Deaths after exposure by ingestion of cyanobacterial cells and toxins from freshwater sources have been reported. The hepatotoxins are cyclic peptides, which comprise microcystins (MC) and nodularin (NOD), and they cause poisonings with an established syndrome of human and animal illnesses. The identification and determination of these hepatotoxic peptides are challenges for analytical chemists. Methods based on solid phase extraction and size exclusion chromatography are available for the clean up of raw extracts. Both principles are also used for the enrichment of MC from low contaminated sample material. The separation of MC is achieved by high-pressure liquid chromatography methods with ultraviolet (UV) detection or mass spectrometric detection. The unambiguous identification of MC not available as standards is possible by mass spectrometry (MS) or, under optimal conditions, by UV spectrometry using diode array detection. To date, 60 different MC and four NOD have been described, but new compounds are frequently identified. Therefore, powerful tools for the elucidation of the structure of unknown MC are an important need. In addition to classical methods for structure elucidation (e.g. nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry), microwave-assisted hydrolysis of cyclic peptides followed by enantio-selective determination of the amino acid profiles can be used. More recently, MS with collision-activated dissociation has become an important tool for obtaining structure information. The present paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the various analytical techniques used for monitoring of cyanobacteria in lakes, optimized or developed at the Institute of Nutrition, Jena, Germany. A pathway for handling MC-containing samples with regard to different analytical tasks (i.e. the identification and elucidation of structure followed by qualitative and quantitative determination) is proposed.
机译：蓝细菌的毒素包括有效的神经毒素和肝毒素。据报道，摄入蓝藻细胞和淡水毒素会导致死亡。肝毒素是环状肽，包含微囊藻毒素（MC）和结节蛋白（NOD），它们会导致人畜疾病综合症中毒。这些肝毒性肽的鉴定和测定是分析化学家的挑战。基于固相萃取和尺寸排阻色谱的方法可用于纯化原始萃取物。两种原理也可用于从低污染的样品材料中富集MC。 MC的分离是通过高压液相色谱法，通过紫外线（UV）检测或质谱检测来实现的。通过质谱（MS）或在最佳条件下，通过使用二极管阵列检测的UV光谱，可以明确鉴定未作为标准品的MC。迄今为止，已经描述了60种不同的MC和4种NOD，但是经常发现新化合物。因此，阐明未知MC结构的强大工具是重要的需求。除了用于阐明结构的经典方法（例如核磁共振光谱法）外，还可以使用微波辅助水解环肽，然后对映选择性测定氨基酸谱。最近，具有碰撞活化解离的MS已成为获得结构信息的重要工具。本文讨论了在德国耶拿营养研究所优化或开发的，用于监测湖泊中蓝细菌的各种分析技术的优缺点。提出了针对不同分析任务（即结构的鉴定和阐明，然后进行定性和定量确定）处理含MC样品的途径。

著录项

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号