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Basis for the protection and management of tropical lakes

机译：保护和管理热带湖泊的基础

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Management of lakes for the protection of water quality, aquatic life and other uses must be approached somewhat differently in the tropics from how it is approached at temperate latitudes. More than half of all tropical lakes are accounted for by natural river lakes or reservoirs. Therefore, degradation of water quality in rivers will have direct negative effects on the majority of lakes in the tropics. Also, regulation of rivers, which is one result of river impoundment, is a potential cause of damage to river lakes. Tropical lakes are more sensitive than temperate lakes to increases in nutrient supply and show higher proportionate changes in water quality and biotic communities in response to eutrophication. Tropical lakes are especially prone to loss of deep-water oxygen, and in order to maintain ecological stasis therefore require more stringent regulation of organic and nutrient loading than temperate lakes. Nutrient containment must be more strongly oriented toward nitrogen, the most probable limiting nutrient in tropical lakes, than has been the case at temperate latitudes. However, phosphorus control is also important. Nitrogen management may be more feasible in the tropics because of high temperature, which is one of the critical conditions for efficient denitrification. Planktonic and benthic communities of the tropics bear a close resemblance, both in composition and diversity, to those of temperate latitudes; there is no parallel to the latitudinal gradient in biodiversity that is characteristic of terrestrial ecosystems. Foci of biodiversity, which require special attention, include the endemic species of ancient lakes and the diverse fish communities of very large rivers. The latter are an especially valuable untapped economic resource, but face severe impairment due to hydrological regulation and pollution of rivers. Effective management programs for tropical lakes will focus on interception of nutrients, protection of aquatic habitats from invasive species, and minimization of hydrological changes in rivers to which lakes are connected. In the absence of protective management, tropical lakes will decline greatly in their utility for water supply, production of commercially useful species, and recreation.
机译：在热带地区，为保护水质，水生生物和其他用途而对湖泊的管理必须与在温带地区进行的湖泊管理有所不同。所有热带湖泊中有一半以上是天然河流湖泊或水库。因此，河流中水质的下降将对热带地区的大多数湖泊产生直接的负面影响。另外，由于河水蓄水的结果，对河水的调节是造成河湖破坏的潜在原因。热带湖泊比温带湖泊对养分供应的增加更为敏感，并且响应富营养化，水质和生物群落的比例变化也更大。热带湖泊特别容易流失深水氧气，因此，为了保持生态稳定，与温带湖泊相比，需要更严格地调节有机物和养分的含量。与温带纬度地区的情况相比，养分的遏制必须更加强烈地朝向热带湖泊中最可能的限制性营养素氮。但是，磷的控制也很重要。由于高温是有效脱氮的关键条件之一，因此在热带地区进行氮管理可能更为可行。热带的浮游生物和底栖生物群落在组成和多样性上与温带纬度极为相似。生物多样性的纬度梯度没有与之平行的陆地生态系统的特征。需要特别注意的生物多样性的焦点包括古代湖泊的特有物种和非常大的河流中不同的鱼类群落。后者是一种特别宝贵的未开发经济资源，但由于水文法规和河流污染而受到严重损害。对热带湖泊的有效管理计划将集中在拦截营养，保护水生生境免受入侵物种的影响以及最大程度减少与湖泊相连的河流的水文变化。在缺乏保护性管理的情况下，热带湖泊在供水，商业上有用的物种的生产和娱乐方面的效用将大大下降。

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