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首页> 外文期刊>Lakes & Reservoirs >Salinisation: A major threat to water resources in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world
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Salinisation: A major threat to water resources in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world

机译：盐碱化：对世界干旱和半干旱地区水资源的重大威胁

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Semi-arid and arid regions (i.e. drylands with annual mean rainfall between 25 and 500 mm) cover approximately one-third of the world’s land area and are inhabited by almost 400 million people. Because they are a resource in short supply, waters in drylands are under increasing human pressures, and many are threatened by rising salinities (salinisation) in particular. Rising salinities result from several causes. The salinities of many large natural salt lakes in drylands are rising as water is diverted from their inflows for irrigation and other uses. The excessive clearance of natural, deep-rooted vegetation from catchments and the discharge of saline agricultural wastewater causes the salinity of many freshwater lakes, wetlands and rivers to rise. The salinisation of some fresh waters is caused by rising saline groundwaters. And in some regions, increasing climatic aridity may be a cause of salinisation. Whatever the cause, salinisation has significant economic, social and environmental impacts. They are usually deleterious and often irreparable. Decreased biodiversity, changes in the natural character of aquatic ecosystems, and lower productivity are frequent ecological effects. In some dryland countries, salinisation is viewed as the single most important threat to water resources. However, the extent and importance of salinisation as a global threat has been greatly underestimated. Recognition of this is the first step in any attempt to manage it effectively. The aims of the present paper, therefore, are three-fold. First, it aims to define the problem and indicate its extent; second, it aims to outline the causes and effects of salinisation; third, it aims to highlight the social, economic and environmental costs and comment on management responses. An overarching aim is to draw attention to the importance of salinisation as a phenomenon of global significance to waters in drylands.
机译：半干旱和干旱地区（即年平均降雨量在25至500毫米之间的干旱地区）覆盖了世界约三分之一的土地面积，并有近4亿人口居住。由于干旱是缺水的资源，干旱地区的水域承受着越来越大的人类压力，其中许多受到特别是盐度上升（盐碱化）的威胁。盐度上升的原因有多种。干旱地区的许多大型天然盐湖的盐分在上升，这是因为水从其流入的水流中分流用于灌溉和其他用途。流域自然，根深蒂固的植被清除过度以及农业盐渍废水的排放导致许多淡水湖泊，湿地和河流的盐度上升。一些淡水的盐碱化是由盐碱地下水上升引起的。在某些地区，气候干旱的加剧可能是盐碱化的原因。无论是什么原因，盐碱化都会对经济，社会和环境产生重大影响。它们通常是有害的，而且往往是无法弥补的。生物多样性减少，水生生态系统自然特征的变化以及生产力降低是常见的生态影响。在一些旱地国家，盐碱化被视为对水资源的最重要的单一威胁。然而，盐碱化作为全球威胁的程度和重要性被大大低估了。认识到这一点是有效管理它的第一步。因此，本论文的目标是三个方面。首先，它旨在定义问题并指出其范围；其次，它旨在概述盐碱化的原因和影响；第三，其目的是突出社会，经济和环境成本，并对管理对策进行评论。总体目标是提请人们注意盐碱化的重要性，因为盐碱化对旱地的水具有全球意义。

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