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Influence of different landscape design styles on plant invasions in Central Europe

机译：不同景观设计风格对中欧植物入侵的影响

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When considering the most frequent invasive exotic plants on an international scale, it is evident that the majority are ornamentals and that they were deliberately introduced in relation to landscape design. Although there are worldwide numerous lists of invasive exotic plants-which means plants that have harmful effects on native biodiversity-an assessment of the contribution of different landscape design styles on plant invasions has not been done. We used the extensive database on the history of introduction and naturalization of alien plants into natural habitats of Central Europe (Lohmeyer and Sukopp, Agriophyten in der Vegetation Mitteleuropas in: Schriftenreihe Vegetationskunde 25, 1992; Nachtrag: Braunschweiger Geobotan Arbeiten 8:179-220, 2001) to examine how many alien ornamental plants there are in the different natural habitats; and how many of them are invasive exotic plants and-in contrast-how many have not spread significantly. Also, we researched contributions by different landscape design styles to these plant invasions since medieval times. Of the estimated 12,000 alien plant species introduced into Central Europe since the Neolithic period, 279 taxa (2.3 %) are currently identified as being naturalized in natural habitats; 103 (0.86 %) of these naturalized taxa are ornamentals, and of these, 40 (0.33 %) are invasive exotic plants. Our investigation has shown a correlation between the frequency of plant invasions and changes in landscape-design styles. Evaluating the impact of plant invasions through horticulture and landscape design on native biodiversity, our study illustrates that it is significantly lower in Central Europe than in other parts of the world.
机译：在国际范围内考虑最常见的外来入侵植物时，很明显大多数是观赏植物，并且它们是故意与景观设计相关地引入的。尽管全世界有很多外来入侵植物的清单，这意味着对当地生物多样性具有有害影响的植物，但尚未完成对不同景观设计风格对植物入侵的贡献的评估。我们使用了广泛的数据库来记录外来植物在中欧自然栖息地中的引入和自然化的历史（Lohmeyer和Sukopp，Der Vegetation Mitteleuropas中的农业植物，Schriftenreihe Vegetationskunde 25，1992； Nachtrag：Braunschweiger Geobotan Arbeiten 8：179-220， （2001年）调查不同自然栖息地中有多少种外来观赏植物；以及其中有多少是外来入侵植物，相比之下，有多少没有显着传播。此外，我们还研究了中世纪以来不同景观设计风格对这些植物入侵的贡献。自新石器时代以来传入中欧的大约12,000种外来植物物种中，目前已确定279种（2.3％）的分类单元已在自然栖息地中归化。这些归类的分类单元中有103种（0.86％）是观赏植物，其中40种（0.33％）是外来入侵植物。我们的研究表明，植物入侵的频率与景观设计风格的变化之间存在相关性。通过评估园艺和景观设计对植物入侵对当地生物多样性的影响，我们的研究表明，中欧的植物入侵率明显低于世界其他地区。

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