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Conflicts between Perception and Reality in the Management of Alien Species in Forest Ecosystems: A Norwegian Case Study

机译：森林生态系统中外来物种管理中感知与现实之间的冲突：挪威的案例研究

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摘要

The vegetation dynamics and landscape management during 20 years of a temperate deciduous forest protected as a nature reserve in western Norway are analysed. Sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus), an alien species in northern Europe, has become abundant in parts of the forest and the paper discusses how nature management has formulated and interpreted the introduction of sycamore. Scientists and nature managers regard the species as aggressive and a threat to the local natural biodiversity, but in this respect empirical evidence has been replaced by assumption and prejudice, and this is critically reviewed in the paper. The development of the forest has been monitored annually since 1988 and the long-term forest dynamics and behaviour of sycamore are discussed in relation to the attitudes of nature managers. The views held by nature managers are based on their own values and ideas regarding what is valuable nature, and alien species are often assumed to be invasive and aggressive, yet with no reference being made to site ecology and human local history. As an alternative to an a priori understanding of the role of alien species, the paper suggests that proper knowledge of ecosystem dynamics can only be achieved through analysis of ecological variation in space and time. The management of any species should not be according to its status as native or alien, but according to a judgment of its role and long-term behaviour. The values of nature conservationists should not be confused with the intrinsic values of nature.
机译：分析了挪威西部作为自然保护区的温带落叶林在20年中的植被动态和景观管理。美国梧桐（Acer pseudoplatanus）是北欧的外来物种，在森林的部分地区已经变得丰富，本文讨论了自然管理如何制定和解释美国梧桐的引进。科学家和自然管理者认为该物种具有侵略性，并对当地的自然生物多样性构成威胁，但是在这方面，经验证据已被假设和偏见所取代，本文对此进行了严格的审查。自1988年以来，每年都对森林的发展进行监测，并就自然管理者的态度对美国梧桐的长期森林动态和行为进行了讨论。大自然管理者的观点是基于他们自己关于有价值的自然的价值和观念，而外来物种通常被认为具有侵入性和侵略性，但并未提及场所生态学和人类当地历史。作为对外来物种作用的先验理解的替代方法，本文建议只能通过分析时空上的生态变化才能获得对生态系统动力学的正确认识。对任何物种的管理都不应根据其作为土著或外来物种的地位而定，而应根据对其作用和长期行为的判断。自然保护主义者的价值观不应与自然的内在价值相混淆。

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