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Farming Livelihoods and Landscapes: Tensions in Rural Development and Environmental Regulation

机译：农业生计和景观：农村发展和环境法规的紧张局势

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European rural development scholars have been preoccupied with how to understand the pace and scope of rural landscape change, as increasingly liberalized market economic policies and stringent environmental mandates shape contemporary landscapes and livelihoods. Recent efforts to document and theorize the new practices occurring in rural landscapes have produced two competing explanatory frameworks of rural change, one of which asserts a paradigm shift in rural development based around new agri-food networks and the expansion of non-agriculturally related activities in the landscape, while the other argues there is more continuity than change in current practices. The paper presents a case study of livestock farming in Devon, southwest England, a region where agriculture is central to the iconography of the area and yet is under threat by environmental and economic challenges. Based on in-depth interviews and extensive surveys with nearly 80 farmers in a catchment in Devon, we find that most of the changes farmers are making in response to these challenges are agri-centric 'coping strategies' embedded within a productivist framework, rather than constituting a new paradigm of rural development.
机译：随着日益开放的市场经济政策和严格的环境要求影响着当代的景观和生计，欧洲的乡村发展学者一直专注于如何理解乡村景观变化的步伐和范围。最近的记录和理论化农村景观新实践的努力产生了两个相互竞争的解释性的农村变化框架，其中一个主张新的农业食品网络和非农业相关活动的扩展基础上的农村发展模式转变。另一方则认为，当前做法的变化远不止变化。本文以英格兰西南部德文郡的畜牧业为例，该地区的农业以农业为中心，但仍受到环境和经济挑战的威胁。通过对德文郡一个流域的近80位农民的深入访谈和广泛调查，我们发现，农民为应对这些挑战而做出的大多数变化是嵌入在生产主义框架内的以农业为中心的“应对策略”，而不是构成了农村发展的新范式。

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