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Fully automatic multi-language translation with a catalogue of phrases: successful employment for the Swiss avalanche bulletin

机译：全自动的多语言翻译和短语目录：瑞士雪崩公告的成功就业

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摘要

The Swiss avalanche bulletin is produced twice a day in four languages. Due to the lack of time available for manual translation, a fully automated translation system is employed, based on a catalogue of predefined phrases and predetermined rules of how these phrases can be combined to produce sentences. Because this catalogue of phrases is limited to a small sublanguage, the system is able to automatically translate such sentences from German into the target languages French, Italian and English without subsequent proofreading or correction. Having been operational for two winter seasons, we assess here the quality of the produced texts based on two different surveys where participants rated texts from real avalanche bulletins from both origins, the catalogue of phrases versus manually written and translated texts. With a mean recognition rate of 55 %, users can hardly distinguish between the two types of texts, and give very similar ratings with respect to their language quality. Overall, the output from the catalogue system can be considered virtually equivalent to a text written by avalanche forecasters and then manually translated by professional translators. Furthermore, forecasters declared that all relevant situations were captured by the system with sufficient accuracy. Forecaster's working load did not change with the introduction of the catalogue: the extra time to find matching sentences is compensated by the fact that they no longer need to double-check manually translated texts. The reduction of daily translation costs is expected to offset the initial development costs within a few years.
机译：瑞士雪崩公告每天以两种语言制作两次。由于缺乏可用于手动翻译的时间，因此基于预定义短语的目录以及如何组合这些短语以产生句子的预定规则，采用了全自动翻译系统。由于此短语目录仅限于一小部分子语言，因此该系统能够自动将此类句子从德语翻译为目标语言法语，意大利语和英语，而无需后续校对或纠正。在已经运行了两个冬季的情况下，我们在此基于两次不同的调查来评估所生成文本的质量，其中参与者对来自两个来源的真实雪崩公告，短语目录与手动书写和翻译的文本进行了评级。用户的平均识别率为55％，几乎无法区分两种类型的文本，并且就其语言质量给出非常相似的评级。总体而言，目录系统的输出实际上可以看作等同于雪崩预报员编写的文本，然后由专业翻译人员手动翻译。此外，预报员宣布系统已足够准确地捕获了所有相关情况。预报员的工作量并没有随着目录的引入而改变：查找匹配语句所需的额外时间因不再需要人工检查人工翻译的文本而得到补偿。每日翻译成本的减少有望在几年内抵消最初的开发成本。

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