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Crowding as a Descriptive Indicator and an Evaluative Standard: Results from 30 Years of Research

机译：拥挤作为描述性指标和评估标准：30年研究的结果

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摘要

This paper examined perceived crowding using 615 evaluation contexts obtained from 181 studies that used a 9-point scale. Four methods for summarizing the crowding scale were highly correlated (r ≥ .90) across all evaluation contexts. Four independent variables (year study was conducted, region of United States, country, specific activity) affected perceived crowding for both the collapsed scale and the mean of the scale. One factor, specific location of the encounter, only affected perceived crowding for the percentages, not the mean. Consumptive versus nonconsumptive activities had no effect on perceived crowding. Using capacity judgment standards, 40% of the 615 evaluation contexts were in the suppressed crowding category, 16% were over capacity and 9% were greatly over capacity.
机译：本文使用从181个使用9分制的研究中获得的615个评估背景，研究了感知的拥挤情况。在所有评估环境中，四种用于汇总拥挤量表的方法高度相关（r≥.90）。四个独立变量（进行年度研究，美国地区，国家/地区，特定活动）影响了崩溃的规模和规模平均值的感知拥挤。一个因素，即specific的具体位置，仅影响感知的拥挤百分比，而不是平均值。消费与非消费活动对感知的拥挤没有影响。使用能力判断标准，在615个评估环境中，有40％属于抑制人群类别，有16％属于超能力，而9％属于超能力。

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