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首页> 外文期刊>Limnology and Oceanography >Crayfish as geomorphic agents and ecosystem engineers: Biological behavior affects sand and gravel erosion in experimental streams
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Crayfish as geomorphic agents and ecosystem engineers: Biological behavior affects sand and gravel erosion in experimental streams

机译：小龙虾作为地貌因子和生态系统工程师：生物行为影响实验溪流中的沙石侵蚀

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摘要

Effects of animals on the transport of solids (e.g., sediments) can modify earth-surface processes and landforms (role as geomorphic agents) and resources for other organisms (role as ecosystem engineers). Therefore, we studied the impact of crayfish (Orconectes limosus) behavior on sand-gravel erosion and bottom habitat over riffle-pool sequences in experimental streams. We manipulated the availability of crayfish food and refugia. Refugia availability had clear effects on overall crayfish activity. The establishment of dominance hierarchies among the crayfish pro- duced patterns in crayfish activity that differed between riffles and pools. Crayfish activity significantly affected sand and gravel erosion. High local sediment erosion averaged ≈2.8 (riffles) and ≈1.4 (pools) kg dry weight m~-2 d~-1 when crayfish hierarchies were established and refugia were available. Removing the refugia increased these rates to ≈4/0 (riffles) and ≈3.3 (pools) kg dry weight m~-2 d~-1. This direct erosion caused by crayfish should be lower than that caused by floods. Crayfish distinctly (1) increased bedform roughness (riffles), (2) decreased sand dune height (pools), (3) shifted the transition between gravel (riffles) and sand (pools) downstream, (4) decreased sand in gravel interstices (riffles), (5) decreased filamentous algae growth on gravel (riffles), and (6) decreased biofilm cover on sand dunes (pools). These sediment changes due to crayfish activity at baseflow should have opposite effects on sediment erosion during subsequent floods. Crayfish impact on physical habitat at baseflow could largely affect population and community structure of the benthos, as well as egg survival of gravel-breeding fish.
机译：动物对固体（例如沉积物）运输的影响可以改变地球表面过程和地貌（作为地貌剂的角色）和其他生物的资源（作为生态系统工程师的角色）。因此，我们研究了小龙虾行为（Orconectes limosus）对实验溪流中浅滩池序列上砂砾侵蚀和底部生境的影响。我们操纵了小龙虾食物和避难所的供应。避难所的可用性对小龙虾的总体活动有明显影响。在小龙虾之间建立优势等级制，导致小龙虾活动模式在浅滩和池间有所不同。小龙虾的活动严重影响了沙子和砾石的侵蚀。当建立了小龙虾等级并可以使用避难所时，较高的局部沉积物侵蚀平均约为2.8千克（干）和≈1.4千克（干）kg干重m〜-2 d〜-1。去除庇护后，这些比率增加到≈4/ 0（浅滩）和≈3.3（水池）kg干重m〜-2 d〜-1。小龙虾造成的直接侵蚀应低于洪水造成的直接侵蚀。小龙虾明显地（1）增加了底形粗糙度（浅滩），（2）降低了沙丘高度（浅滩），（3）将砾石（浅滩）和沙子（浅滩）之间的过渡移到了下游，（4）减小了砾石空隙中的沙子（浅滩），（5）减少了砾石上的丝状藻类生长（浅滩），以及（6）降低了沙丘（水池）上的生物膜覆盖。这些由于底流的小龙虾活动而引起的沉积物变化，在随后的洪水中对沉积物侵蚀具有相反的影响。小龙虾对底流的物理栖息地的影响可能在很大程度上影响底栖动物的种群和群落结构，以及砾石繁殖鱼的卵生存。

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