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Animal species diversity at a land–water ecotone in Mongolia

机译：蒙古水陆过渡带的动物物种多样性

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The biodiversity of wetland ecosystems has received scant attention in Mongolia. We measured amphibian and macroinvertebrate species diversity at a complicated land–water ecotone of a pond within a wetland complex in Shaamar during July 2005. From our study area (0.5-ha grassland and an adjacent pond), we sampled 4,926 animals including 1 mammal, 4 amphibian, and 26 aquatic macroinvertebrate (2 mm) species with a biomass of 4,444 g. Among these, a backswimmer (Notonectidae sp. 1) was a dominant species, representing 65% of the total number of animals collected (3,209) and 22% of the mass (999 g). Our study area was small but contained 4 amphibian species (Hyla japonica, Rana amurensis, Bufo raddei, and Salamandrella keyserlingii) in a mixed community with Shannon Diversity Index (H′) of 1.678 and Pielou’s Evenness Index (J′) of 1.211. No larvae or tadpoles of any amphibian species were found in the pond, indicating their early metamorphosis. H′ and J′ with 26 macroinvertebrate species were estimated to be 1.828 and 0.561, respectively. This suggests that low macroinvertebrate species diversity relative to high species richness is due to low evenness resulting from considerable numbers of a backswimmer. In 6 sites sampled in the pond, mean water pH revealed high alkalinity (range 9.01–10.45). The presence of our taxa in a highly alkaline environment indicates that they may be alkaliphilic.
机译：在蒙古，湿地生态系统的生物多样性很少受到关注。我们在2005年7月在Shaamar湿地综合体内一个池塘的复杂水陆交界处测量了两栖动物和大型无脊椎动物物种的多样性。从我们的研究区域（0.5公顷的草地和相邻的池塘）中，我们采样了4,926只动物，其中包括1种哺乳动物， 4种两栖动物和26种水生大型无脊椎动物（> 2 mm）生物量为4,444 g。在这些动物中，反游泳者（Notonectidae sp。1）是优势种，占所收集动物总数（3,209）的65％和质量（999 g）的22％。我们的研究区域很小，但在混合群落中包含4种两栖动物（日本雨蛙，林蛙，蟾蜍和沙门氏菌），香农多样性指数（H'）为1.678，皮鲁均匀度指数（J'）为1.211。在池塘中未发现任何两栖类的幼虫或t，表明它们早已变态。具有26种大型无脊椎动物的H'和J'分别估计为1.828和0.561。这表明，相对于高物种丰富度而言，大型无脊椎动物物种多样性较低是由于大量反吹造成的均匀度较低。在池塘采样的6个地点中，平均水的pH值显示出高碱度（范围9.01–10.45）。在高度碱性的环境中我们的分类单元的存在表明它们可能是碱性的。

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