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Quality weighted citations versus total citations in the sciences and social sciences, with an application to finance and accounting

机译：科学和社会科学中的质量加权引文与总引文，在财务和会计中的应用

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Purpose - Both journal self-citations and exchanged citations have the effect of increasing a journal's impact factor, which may be deceptive. The purpose of this paper is to analyse academic journal quality and research impact using quality-weighted citations vs total citations, based on the widely used Thomson Reuters ISI Web of Science citations database (ISI). A new Index of Citations Quality (ICQ) is presented, based on quality-weighted citations. Design/methodology/approach - The new index is used to analyse the leading 500 journals in both the sciences and social sciences, as well as finance and accounting, using quantifiable Research Assessment Measures (RAMs) that are based on alternative transformations of citations. Findings - It is shown that ICQ is a useful additional measure to 2-year impact factor (2YIF) and other well-known RAMs for the purpose of evaluating the impact and quality, as well as ranking, of journals as it contains information that has very low correlations with the information contained in the well-known RAMs for both the sciences and social sciences, and finance and accounting. Practical implications - Journals can, and do, inflate the number of citations through self-citation practices, which may be coercive. Another method for distorting journal impact is through a set of journals agreeing to cite each other, that is, by exchanging citations. This may be less coercive than self-citations, but is nonetheless unprofessional and distortionary. Social implications - The premise underlying the use of citations data is that higher quality journals generally have a higher number of citations. The impact of citations can be distorted in a number of ways, both consciously and unconsciously. Originality/value - Regardless of whether self-citations arise through collusive practices, the increase in citations will affect both 2YIF and 5-year impact factor (5YIF), though not Eigenfactor and Article Influence. This leads to an ICQ, where a higher ICQ would generally be preferred to lower. Unlike 5YIF, which is increased by journal self-citations and exchanged citations, and Eigenfactor and Article Influence, both of which are affected by quality-weighted exchanged citations, ICQ will be less affected by exchanged citations. In the absence of any empirical evidence to the contrary, 5YIF and AI are assumed to be affected similarly by exchanged citations.
机译：目的-期刊的自我引文和交换的引文都有增加期刊影响因子的作用，这可能具有欺骗性。本文旨在基于广泛使用的汤姆森路透ISI Web of Science引文数据库（ISI），使用质量加权引文与总引文来分析学术期刊的质量和研究影响。基于质量加权的引文，提出了新的引文质量指数（ICQ）。设计/方法/方法-新索引用于基于可替代引文转换的可量化研究评估方法（RAM），用于分析科学和社会科学以及金融和会计领域的500强期刊。调查结果-结果表明，ICQ是对2年影响因子（2YIF）和其他知名RAM的有用补充措施，目的是评估期刊的影响和质量以及排名，因为它包含以下信息：与科学和社会科学以及金融和会计领域的著名RAM中包含的信息的相关性非常低。实际意义-期刊可以并且确实通过自我引用实践来增加引用次数，这可能是强制性的。扭曲期刊影响的另一种方法是通过一组同意相互引用的期刊，即通过交换引文。这可能比自我引用的强制性要小，但仍然是不专业和扭曲的。社会影响-使用引文数据的前提是较高质量的期刊通常会有更多的引文。引文的影响可以有意识地和无意识地以多种方式扭曲。原创性/价值-无论是否通过共谋产生自我引文，引文的增加都将影响2YIF和5年影响因子（5YIF），但不影响特征因子和文章影响。这导致了ICQ，通常较高的ICQ会优先选择较低的ICQ。与5YIF不同，后者受期刊自引和交换引文的影响而增加，特征因子和文章影响力均受质量加权交换引文的影响，而ICQ受交换引文的影响较小。在没有任何相反的经验证据的情况下，假定5YIF和AI受到交换引文的影响类似。

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