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Computer Simulations of Developmental Change: The Contributions of Working Memory Capacity and Long-Term Knowledge

机译：发展变化的计算机模拟：工作记忆能力和长期知识的贡献

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摘要

Increasing working memory (WM) capacity is often cited as a major influence on children's development and yet WM capacity is difficult to examine independently of long-term knowledge. A computational model of children's nonword repetition (NWR) performance is presented that independently manipulates long-term knowledge and WM capacity to determine the relative contributions of each in explaining the developmental data. The simulations show that (a) both mechanisms independently cause the same overall developmental changes in NWR performance, (b) increase in long-term knowledge provides the better fit to the child data, and (c) varying both long-term knowledge and WM capacity adds no significant gains over varying long-term knowledge alone. Given that increases in long-term knowledge must occur during development, the results indicate that increases in WM capacity may not be required to explain developmental differences. An increase in WM capacity should only be cited as a mechanism of developmental change when there are clear empirical reasons for doing so.
机译：人们通常认为增加工作记忆（WM）能力是对儿童发育的重要影响，但是很难独立于长期知识来检查WM能力。提出了儿童非单词重复（NWR）性能的计算模型，该模型独立地操纵长期知识和WM能力，以确定每个人在解释发育数据时的相对贡献。仿真显示（a）两种机制都独立地导致NWR性能的整体发展变化;（b）长期知识的增加为子数据提供了更好的拟合，并且（c）改变了长期知识和WM仅凭不断变化的长期知识，能力不会增加任何重大收益。考虑到在开发过程中必须增加长期知识，结果表明可能不需要增加WM能力来解释发展差异。只有在有明确的实证理由时，才应将WM能力的增加视为发展变化的机制。

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