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A review on the biodiversity, distribution and trophic role of cephalopods in the Arctic and Antarctic marine ecosystems under a changing ocean

机译：不断变化的海洋下头足类动物在北极和南极海洋生态系统中的生物多样性，分布和营养作用的评论

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摘要

Cephalopods play an important role in polar marine ecosystems. In this review, we compare the biodiversity, distribution and trophic role of cephalopods in the Arctic and in the Antarctic. Thirty-two species have been reported from the Arctic, 62 if the Pacific Subarctic is included, with only two species distributed across both these Arctic areas. In comparison, 54 species are known from the Antarctic. These polar regions share 15 families and 13 genera of cephalopods, with the giant squid Architeuthis dux the only species confirmed to occur in both the Arctic and Antarctic. Polar cephalopods prey on crustaceans, fish, and other cephalopods (including cannibalism), whereas predators include fish, other cephalopods, seabirds, seals and whales. In terms of differences between the cephalopod predators in the polar regions, more Antarctic seabird species feed on cephalopods than Arctic seabirds species, whereas more Arctic mammal species feed on cephalopods than Antarctic mammal species. Cephalopods from these regions are likely to be more influenced by climate change than those from the rest of the World: Arctic fauna is more subjected to increasing temperatures per se, with these changes leading to increased species ranges and probably abundance. Antarctic species are likely to be influenced by changes in (1) mesoscale oceanography (2) the position of oceanic fronts (3) sea ice extent, and (4) ocean acidification. Polar cephalopods may have the capacity to adapt to changes in their environment, but more studies are required on taxonomy, distribution, ocean acidification and ecology.
机译：头足类动物在极地海洋生态系统中扮演重要角色。在这篇综述中，我们比较了头足类动物在北极和南极的生物多样性，分布和营养作用。北极地区已报告了32种，如果包括太平洋次北极，则为62种，在这两个北极地区仅分布了2种。相比之下，南极已知有54种。这些极地地区共有15个足纲动物和13个属的头足类动物，巨型鱿鱼Architeuthis dux是唯一被证实同时存在于北极和南极的物种。极地头足类以甲壳类，鱼类和其他头足类（包括自相残杀）为食，而食肉动物包括鱼类，其他头足类，海鸟，海豹和鲸鱼。就极地地区的头足类捕食者之间的差异而言，与北极海鸟物种相比，以头足类为食的南极海鸟物种更多，而与南极哺乳动物物种相比，以头足类为食的北极哺乳动物更多。这些地区的头足类动物比世界其他地区的头足类动物更可能受到气候变化的影响：北极动物区系本身承受的温度更高，这些变化导致物种范围增加并可能丰富。南极物种很可能受到以下方面的影响：（1）中尺度海洋学（2）海洋前沿的位置（3）海冰范围和（4）海洋酸化。极头足类动物可能具有适应其环境变化的能力，但是需要对分类学，分布，海洋酸化和生态学进行更多研究。

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  • 来源
    《Marine biology》 |2018年第5期|93.1-93.26|共26页
  • 作者

    Xavier Jose C.; Cherel Yves; Allcock Louise; Rosa Rui; Sabirov Rushan M.; Blicher Martin E.; Golikov Alexey V.;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Coimbra, MARE Marine & Environm Sci Ctr, Dept Ciencias Vida, P-3001401 Coimbra, Portugal;

    Univ La Rochelle, CNRS, Ctr Etud Biol Chize, UPR 7372, F-79360 Villiers En Bois, France;

    Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Ryan Inst, Galway, Ireland;

    Univ Lisbon, Fac Ciencias, Marine & Environm Sci Ctr, Lab Maritimo Guia, Av Nossa Senhora Cabo 939, P-2750374 Cascais, Portugal;

    Kazan Fed Univ, Dept Zool, Kazan 420008, Russia;

    Greenland Inst Nat Resources, Greenland Climate Res Ctr, Nuuk 3900, Greenland;

    Kazan Fed Univ, Dept Zool, Kazan 420008, Russia;

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