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Rapid decline and decadal-scale recovery of corals and Chaetodon butterflyfish on Philippine coral reefs

机译：菲律宾珊瑚礁上的珊瑚和Chaetodon蝶类鱼类迅速下降和年代际恢复

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Environmental disturbances to benthic habitat on coral reefs can affect fish assemblages, with dietary specialists like corallivorous Chaetodon butterflyfishes particularly sensitive to declines in hard coral cover. However, declines in density of corallivorous Chaetodon due to declines in hard coral cover are usually documented for individual environmental disturbances, often with limited quantification of post-disturbance recovery. Here, we documented effects of hard coral loss and recovery on the Chaetodon assemblage for 31 years at four sites in the Philippines. In this long-term "natural experiment", we documented five environmental disturbance events (two typhoons, two mass coral bleaching events, and one period of destructive fishing) that reduced live branching hard coral cover on average by 61% and density of corallivorous butterflyfish by 47%, with an average duration of decline of 2 years. On average, these disturbance events resulted in an 8% annual decrease in absolute coral cover. We also monitored five periods of hard coral and butterflyfish recovery, with an average 202% increase in branching hard coral cover over 11 years, and a 196% increase in density of corallivorous butterflyfish over 12 years. On average, these recovery periods had a 2.4% annual rate of increase in absolute coral cover. The density of butterflyfish was not significantly affected by marine reserve protection, and thus, changes in butterflyfish density were most likely driven by change in benthic habitat. Assemblage structure of Chaetodon at each site was distinct and remained remarkably consistent for 31 years, despite substantial declines and recovery of coral cover. The difference in the rates of decline and recovery of butterflyfish raises concerns for the persistence of this iconic taxon in the face of increasing frequency and intensity of environmental disturbances to coral reefs.
机译：对珊瑚礁底栖生境的环境干扰可能会影响鱼类的聚集，饮食专家如食草的美人鱼（Chaetodon）蝴蝶鱼对坚硬的珊瑚覆盖率下降特别敏感。然而，通常由于个别环境扰动而记录了由于硬珊瑚覆盖率下降而导致的珊瑚食齿象齿象密度的下降，而干扰后恢复的量化往往有限。在这里，我们记录了菲律宾四个地点31年以来硬珊瑚损失和恢复对Chaetodon组合的影响。在这个长期的“自然实验”中，我们记录了五次环境干扰事件（两次台风，两次大规模珊瑚褪色事件和一次破坏性捕鱼），这​​些事件平均使活分支硬珊瑚的覆盖率平均降低了61％，珊瑚状蝴蝶鱼的密度降低了下降了47％，平均下降时间为2年。平均而言，这些干扰事件导致绝对珊瑚覆盖率每年减少8％。我们还监测了五个硬珊瑚和蝴蝶鱼恢复期，在11年中平均分支珊瑚硬珊瑚覆盖率增加了202％，而在12年中珊瑚状蝴蝶鱼密度增加了196％。平均而言，这些恢复期的绝对珊瑚覆盖率年增长率为2.4％。海洋保护区对蝴蝶鱼的密度没有显着影响，因此，蝴蝶鱼密度的变化很可能是由底栖生境的变化驱动的。尽管珊瑚礁数量大量减少和恢复，但在每个地点的Chaetodon的组装结构截然不同，并且在31年中一直保持一致。面对珊瑚礁的环境干扰的频率和强度越来越高，蝴蝶鱼的下降和恢复速度的差异引起人们对这种标志性分类群的持续存在的担忧。

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  • 来源
    《Marine biology》 |2017年第1期|29.1-29.18|共18页
  • 作者

    Russ Garry R.; Leahy Susannah M.;

  • 作者单位

    James Cook Univ, Coll Sci & Engn, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia|James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia;

    James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia|James Cook Univ, Coll Sci & Engn, Cairns, Qld 4878, Australia|James Cook Univ, Ctr Trop Environm & Sustainabil Sci, Cairns, Qld 4878, Australia;

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