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首页> 外文期刊>Marine biology >Consumption rates of a key marine herbivore: a review of the extrinsic and intrinsic control of feeding in the green sea urchin
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Consumption rates of a key marine herbivore: a review of the extrinsic and intrinsic control of feeding in the green sea urchin

机译：关键海洋草食动物的消费率：对绿海胆喂养的外部和内在控制的综述

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摘要

Herbivory fundamentally shapes ecosystem functioning by influencing the abundance and distribution of plants. Whereas a great deal of attention has been given to factors that influence rates of primary productivity (e.g., light, temperature and nutrients), considerably less attention has been given to factors governing herbivory rates. In the marine environment, urchins are a dominant herbivore on rocky shores, and their grazing often leads to overconsumption and the formation of "barren grounds" with few fleshy macroalgae. However, despite decades of laboratory experiments and field observations, there is still a high degree of uncertainty with regard to the factors that control sea urchin consumption rates. To synthesize current knowledge on this subject, we compiled and analyzed data from the peer-reviewed literature on consumption rates of the green urchin, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, to examine the effects of intrinsic (e.g., size) and extrinsic (e.g., temperature and algal type) factors. Generally, urchins consumed 1.3-4.1% of their body weight per day, though the range was much greater (0.1-18%) when all measurements were included. Not surprisingly, larger urchins ate more than smaller urchins, but this difference was almost entirely attributed to differences in body mass and when expressed as mass-specific rates, small urchins consumed food at the same rate as large urchins. A simple measure of total urchin biomass thus appears sufficient for estimating potential herbivory at a given location. More surprising, temperature had no discernible effect on feeding rates despite our expectations and assertions in the literature. Although consumption rates of different macroalgae varied, urchins consumed all 42 taxa presented to them. Generally kelps (excluding Agarum sp.) and green algae were eaten the fastest. However, species that were typically favored were occasionally ignored, and chemically defended species that were generally ignored (e.g., Agarum sp.) were occasionally eaten at very high rates, making predictions of consumption rates difficult. Our review provides estimates of the maximum amount of algae an urchin can consume and when coupled with the potential productivity of an area, may help identify ecological tipping points between productive kelp beds and urchin barrens.
机译：食草学通过影响植物的丰度和分布从根本上影响生态系统的功能。尽管已经对影响初级生产力速率的因素（例如光，温度和养分）给予了极大关注，但对控制草食率的因素却给予了相当少的关注。在海洋环境中，海胆是多岩石海岸上的主要食草动物，它们的放牧常常导致过度消费，并形成很少的肉质大型藻类的“荒地”。然而，尽管进行了数十年的实验室实验和现场观察，控制海胆消耗率的因素仍存在高度不确定性。为了综合有关该主题的当前知识，我们收集并分析了来自同行评审文献的有关绿色顽童（Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis）食用率的数据，以检查内在（例如大小）和外在（例如温度和藻类）的影响）因素。通常，海胆每天消耗其体重的1.3-4.1％，但包括所有测量值时，范围会更大（0.1-18％）。毫不奇怪，大胆的孩子吃的比小胆小的要多，但是这种差异几乎完全归因于体重的差异，当以质量特定比率表示时，小胆小鬼的食物摄取量与大胆小鬼相同。因此，简单测量总顽童生物量似乎足以估计给定位置的潜在草食动物。更令人惊讶的是，尽管我们有文献中的期望和主张，但温度对进食速度没有明显的影响。尽管不同大型藻类的消费率有所不同，但海胆消耗了所有呈现给它们的42个分类单元。通常，海带（不包括琼脂菌属）和绿藻食用最快。但是，偶尔会忽略通常偏爱的物种，而有时会以很高的比例食用通常被忽略的化学防御物种（例如Agarum sp。），因此很难预测消费率。我们的评估提供了海胆可消耗的最大藻类数量的估计值，再加上某个地区的潜在生产力，可能有助于确定生产性海带床与海胆贫瘠之间的生态临界点。

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  • 来源
    《Marine biology》 |2017年第6期|131.1-131.13|共13页
  • 作者

    Suskiewicz T. S.; Johnson L. E.;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Laval, Dept Biol & Quebec Ocean, Quebec City, PQ G1W 3B4, Canada;

    Univ Laval, Dept Biol & Quebec Ocean, Quebec City, PQ G1W 3B4, Canada;

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